Corewood (Juvenile Wood) and Its Impact on Wood Utilisation

Moore, John R.; Cown, D. J.

doi:10.1007/s40725-017-0055-2

Cited by 66 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Hence, trees planted with wider initial spacing contain a greater proportion of corewood [53][54][55], and have larger-diameter knots [54,[56][57][58]. The presence of the large corewood zone, and more knots in these short-rotation trees results in a large decline in lumber quality, and thus, in lumber recovery [9,59,60].…”

Section: Planting Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood and Fiber Quality of Plantation-Grown Conifers: A Summary of Research with an Emphasis on Loblolly and Radiata Pine

Schimleck

Antony

Dahlen

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:With conifer plantations having an increasingly important role in meeting the fiber needs of society, an understanding of the effect of silvicultural practices on wood quality is critical. The perception of wood quality varies, making it hard to define in a single statement; however, possibly the most succinct definition is "a measure of the aptness of wood for a given use". In general, properties that have a positive influence on a specific product assist in defining changes in wood quality. Since wood properties exhibit large variability within annual rings, within trees, and among trees in a stand, and have both genetic and environmental components (i.e., vary with different physiographical regions), it is imperative to have an understanding of wood properties at multiple levels. In this paper, we review the typical variation patterns in wood properties of conifers, with specific emphasis on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don), two of the most common conifer plantation species globally. We also describe the impact of conventional silvicultural treatments on wood quality. Modeling efforts to predict variation in wood properties within trees, and in response to silvicultural treatments are also summarized.

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Section: Planting Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood and Fiber Quality of Plantation-Grown Conifers: A Summary of Research with an Emphasis on Loblolly and Radiata Pine

Schimleck

Antony

Dahlen

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…A consequence of accelerated growth in forest plantations is the high proportion of corewood (juvenile wood) in the harvested trees [10,11]. Corewood, starting from the pith and laid down outward, is the wood formed in young trees, while outerwood is formed later on as the tree matures [10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Dahlen

Auty

Eberhardt

2018

Forests

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Abstract:Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantations that yield high growth rates. Wood properties, including specific gravity (SG), change with cambial age, and thus intensively managed trees contain a high proportion of low density corewood when harvested because of reduced rotation lengths. This study was undertaken to develop models of ring-level properties (SG and width) in intensively managed loblolly pine plantations. Ninety-three trees from five stands aged from 24 to 33 years were harvested, and 490 disks were obtained from in between the 5.2-m logs that were cut, and at the merchantable top. The disks were cut into pith-to-bark radial strips that were scanned on an X-ray densitometer, and the resultant data analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects models. The fixed effects of the models, which included cambial age and for some models disk height and ring width, were able to explain 56, 46, 54, 16, and 46 percent of the within-tree variation for ring SG, ring width, latewood SG, earlywood SG, and latewood percent, respectively. To assess implications for wood utilization, a modeled tree was built by using height, diameter, and taper equations and these models were linked with the developed ring SG model to produce a tree properties map. The linked information was also used to generate tree and log SG and proportion of corewood values for different rotation ages. The results from this study are a step towards integrating wood quality models into growth-and-yield modeling systems that are important for loblolly pine plantation management.

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“…Our results were similar to those reported previously, suggesting that the boundary between juvenile and mature woods in P. glehnii normally occurs around the 15th annual ring from the pith. However, some researchers have demonstrated that genetic/environmental differences as well as the method used to determine the boundary affect the transition age from juvenile to mature woods (Alteyrac et al 2006b;Moore and Cown 2017). Thus, further research focused on measuring the genetic variation of transition age or juvenile wood ratio in this species is required.…”

Section: Within-tree Radial Variation Of Wood Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In juvenile wood, which is formed within the first 10th-20th annual ring from the pith, low values of MOE and MOR are due to low values in wood density and high values of microfibril angle (MFA) of the S 2 layer in tracheids (Zobel and van Buijitenen 1989;Moore and Cown 2017). The improvement of MOE and MOR, particularly in juvenile wood, enhances the future utilization of P. glehnii wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within-tree radial and among-family variations in wood density, microfibril angle, and mechanical properties in <i>Picea glehnii</i>

Tanabe¹,

Ishiguri²,

Tamura³

et al. 2018

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The modulus of elasticity was affected by both microfibril angle and wood density, whereas the modulus of rupture was mainly affected by wood density in Picea glehnii.• A larger degree of among-family variation in wood properties was detected in juvenile wood than in mature wood, indicating that genetic improvements in the mechanical properties may be more effective for juvenile wood. AbstractGenetic improvements in the mechanical properties of wood are important in forestry species used for lumber, such as Picea. The within-tree radial and among-family variations for the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and their related traits [i.e., microfibril angle (MFA) of the S 2 layer in latewood tracheid and air-dry density (AD)] were evaluated in nine open-pollinated families of Picea glehnii (F. Schmidt) Mast. The radial variation in MOR was mainly affected by AD, whereas MOE was affected by MFA and AD. Higher F-values obtained by analysis of variance and coefficient of variation were observed for all properties at the 6th-15th annual ring, except for AD at the 6th-10th annual ring. This result suggests that the contribution of genetic effect is larger in these highly variable regions. In addition, positive correlation coefficients were obtained between wood properties at the 6th-15th annual ring and mean values of these properties. Therefore, genetic improvements for MOE, MOR, and their related traits in P. glehnii is likely to be more effective in juvenile wood, specifically at the 6th-15th annual ring from the pith.

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Corewood (Juvenile Wood) and Its Impact on Wood Utilisation

Cited by 66 publications

References 70 publications

Wood and Fiber Quality of Plantation-Grown Conifers: A Summary of Research with an Emphasis on Loblolly and Radiata Pine

Wood and Fiber Quality of Plantation-Grown Conifers: A Summary of Research with an Emphasis on Loblolly and Radiata Pine

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Within-tree radial and among-family variations in wood density, microfibril angle, and mechanical properties in <i>Picea glehnii</i>

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