Coregulation, Dysregulation, Self-Regulation: An Integrative Analysis and Empirical Agenda for Understanding Adult Attachment, Separation, Loss, and Recovery

Sbarra, David A.; Hazan, Cindy

doi:10.1177/1088868308315702

Cited by 361 publications

(489 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…Because perceptivity and expressivity may be enhanced among close relationship partners (i.e., close relationship partners may be both more perceptive of each other's psychological states and more expressive of their psychological states when with each other), physiological influence may be stronger between close relationship partners and people with existing relationships than between unacquainted people (Sbarra & Hazan, 2008).…”

Section: Part 1: Guiding Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have also been many theoretical and empirical papers that emphasize what psychological processes one can assess by examining similarities in partners' physiological states (e.g., Butler, 2011;Levenson & Ruef, 1992;Sbarra & Hazan, 2008;Waters, West, & Mendes, 2014;see Palumbo et al, 2016 andTimmons et al, 2015 for reviews). However, to our knowledge there is no single paper that provides a comprehensive framework for conducting a dyadic physiological program of research that addresses the critical steps of study design, data analysis, and interpretation of data, keeping theoretical considerations at the forefront of methodological decisions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring physiological influence in dyads: A guide to designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic physiological studies.

Thorson

West

Mendes

2018

Psychological Methods

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Scholars across domains in psychology, physiology, and neuroscience have long been interested in the study of shared physiological experiences between people. Recent technological and analytic advances allow researchers to examine new questions about how shared physiological experiences come about. Yet, comprehensive guides that address the theoretical, methodological, and analytic components of studying these processes are lacking. The goal of this paper is to provide such a guide. We begin by addressing basic theoretical issues in the study of shared physiological states by presenting five guiding theoretical principles for making psychological inferences from physiological influence-the extent to which one dyad member's physiology predicts the other dyad member's physiology at a future time point. Second, keeping theoretical and conceptual concerns at the forefront, we outline considerations and recommendations for designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic psychophysiological studies. In so doing, we discuss the different types of physiological measures one could use to address different theoretical questions. Third, we provide three illustrative examples in which we estimate physiological influence, using the stability and influence model. We conclude by providing detail about power analyses for the model and by comparing the strengths and limitations of this model to pre-existing models. Scholars have utilized physiological approaches to capture psychological experiences of individuals-including emotions, motivations, and attention-since the early 20 th Century (e.g., Cohen & Patterson, 1937;Darrow, 1929;Jacobson, 1930; Mittleman & Wolff, 1929). For example, early work by Carl Jung examined electrodermal activity as a measure of attention to different stimuli in healthy and clinical samples (Ricksher & Jung, 1908). Beginning in the 1950s, social scientists started to collect data from two or more people in interpersonal interactions to measure interdependence between their physiological states. Early work focused on how similarity between patients' and therapists' heart rates mapped onto behavioral processes such as rapport and antagonism (Coleman, Greenblatt, & Soloman, 1956;DiMascio, Boyd, & Greenblatt, 1957). Since that time, physiological influence has been used to study romantic couples, parent-child dyads, and newly-acquainted dyads and teams, and influence has been associated with relationship quality, individual differences like attachment, and the development of self-regulation and trust (Hill-Soderlund et al., 2008;Levenson & Gottman, 1983;Mitkidis, McGraw, Roepstorff, & Wallot, 2015;Suveg, Shaffer, & Davis, 2016; for reviews see Timmons, Margolin, & Saxbe, 2015;Palumbo et al., 2016).A primary strength of studying physiological influence in interpersonal encounters is that it allows scholars to test theoretical questions that are not testable using traditional measures of self-report or behavioral recordings alone. For example, physiological measures can provide continuous information ...

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Section: Part 1: Guiding Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring physiological influence in dyads: A guide to designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic physiological studies.

Thorson

West

Mendes

2018

Psychological Methods

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“…Relationships have been viewed as regulators of stimulation so as not to be understimulated or overstimulated [42,67,117]. This has been called "psychobiological attunement".…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Romantic Breakup Distress, Betrayal and Heartbreak: A Review

Field¹

2017

IJBRP

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Although romantic breakups, breakup distress and heartbreak are common among adults, they have occurred as early as the seventh grade [90], and most of the studies on these topics have been conducted with university students, as reflected by the literature reviewed in this paper. Romantic breakups occur in as many as twothirds of university samples [43,104]. The breakups frequently lead to breakup distress which is often associated with depression, feelings of rejection and betrayal, heartbreak symptoms including chest pain and compromised immune function. This review summarizes some of that literature.In one of the early studies on romantic breakups in university students, the Breakup Distress Scale (adapted from the Inventory of Complicated Grief) and several other measures were used to assess the distress that followed romantic breakups [43]. In that, 192 university students (primarily Hispanic women)were surveyed about their recent romantic breakup. The students were divided into high versus low scoring groups based on the Breakup Distress Scale. The group with high Breakup Distress Scale scores reported that they had less time since the breakup occurred, that they were not the initiators of the breakup, that the breakup was sudden and unexpected, and that they felt rejected and betrayed. In a regression analysis on the same database, the depression scores (CES-D) and feeling rejected and betrayed by the breakup were significant predictors of the Breakup Distress scores. These variables explained 37% of the variance, highlighting their relationships to breakup distress. These results were not surprising given that depression has been related to other kinds of grief, and feelings of rejection and betrayal have been notably similar to physical pain and have led to immune dysfunction [29,47]. Thus, literature that related romantic breakups to depression, rejection and betrayal, pain and immune dysfunction are reviewed here. In addition, fMRI and biochemical data are reviewed as potential underlying mechanisms, and social and biochemical interventions are briefly explored. AbstractA review of the romantic breakup literature suggests that it can lead to breakup distress, betrayal and heartbreak. The breakup distress that occurs can be explained in part by depression and feelings of rejection and betrayal. These may lead to physical problems including heartbreak or the broken heart syndrome and immune dysfunction. The broken heart syndrome has notably mimicked heart attacks, but it has been differentiated from a real heart attack by angiograms revealing unclogged arteries and no permanent heart damage. Reduced vagal activity and increased cortisol and catecholamine levels (dopamine and norepinephrine) accompanying heartbreak are thought to be potential underlying mechanisms for the broken heart syndrome and for immune dysfunction including increased inflammatory cytokines and reduced natural killer cells. fMRIs following breakups have revealed increased activity in the cingulate cortex and the right ventricular pr...

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“…This growing body of evidence suggests that one's attachment style may be an important predictor of one's physiological reactivity to such events (see Diamond, 2001;Sbarra & Hazan, 2008).…”

Section: Attachment Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A threat vs. challenge view of conflict in romantic relationships

DeBuse¹

2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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This research examined romantic partners' stress reactivity to relationship conflict through the lens of a threat vs. challenge perspective. We assessed the DHEA-S to cortisol ratio (anabolic balance) as an index of 330 newlywed partners' threat or challenge orientations to a conflict discussion with their spouse and then examined whether these orientations were predicted by their attachment styles. Consistent with predictions, anxious attachment predicted lower anabolic balance trajectories, compared to secure attachment. Results were decomposed into DHEA-S and cortisol components.

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Coregulation, Dysregulation, Self-Regulation: An Integrative Analysis and Empirical Agenda for Understanding Adult Attachment, Separation, Loss, and Recovery

Cited by 361 publications

References 180 publications

Measuring physiological influence in dyads: A guide to designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic physiological studies.

Measuring physiological influence in dyads: A guide to designing, implementing, and analyzing dyadic physiological studies.

Romantic Breakup Distress, Betrayal and Heartbreak: A Review

A threat vs. challenge view of conflict in romantic relationships

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