Core-shell Structured Hyperbranched Aromatic Polyamide/BaTiO₃ Hybrid Filler for Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) Nanocomposites with the Dielectric Constant Comparable to That of Percolative Composites

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposites with the dielectric constant comparable to that of percolative composites are successfully prepared by using core-shell structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grafted barium titanate (BT-HBP) hybrid nanofiller. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE-CFE) was used as the polymer matrix because of its high intrinsic dielectric constant and easy processability. The BT-HBP hybrid nanofiller were prepared by a solution polymerization of diaminobenzoic acid on the surface of amino-funcationalized BT nanoparticles. Nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the chemical structure of the hyperbranched aromatic polyamide and core-shell structure of the hybrid filler, respectively. It was found that the nanocomposite with 40 vol % BaTiO3-HBP had a dielectric constant of 1485.5 at 1000 Hz, whereas the corresponding nanocomposite sample with untreated BaTiO3 only showed a dielectric constant of 206.3. Compared with classic percolative composites, the advantage of the PVDF-TrFE-CFE/BaTiO3-HBP nanocomposites is that the composites show high enough breakdown strength and high dielectric constant simultaneously. An enhanced interfacial polarization mechanism between the BT-HBP and the polymer matrix was suggested for understanding the observed unusually high dielectric constant.

Polyarylene Ether Nitrile-Based High-k Composites for Dielectric Applications

“…Polymerbased nanocomposites with high-k have shown application as dielectrics in energy storage due to their intrinsic properties including lightweight and easy processing. To achieve applications of the additives in enhancing dielectric properties of the system, many researchers prepared coreshell-structured additives, which are effective tool for the fabrication novel high-permittivity polymer-based composites [43]. At the early stage, many surfactants, oligomers, and small molecules were used to improve the compatibility of the two-phase interface by using the weak electrostatic interaction between molecules or van der Waals force to form a shell layer [79,80].…”

“…Unfortunately, the loss tangent of the system increases simultaneously due to the incompatibility between the organic substrate and the inorganic additives. As a result, the micromorphology of fillers, the distribution mode of the additives in the polymeric substrate, surface treatment, and preparation methods of the fillers (i.e., "core-shell" nanoarchitectures) [43][44][45][46] are equal important as the kind of fillers that determines the properties of the obtained composites [47][48][49][50][51]. This article reviews the progress of PEN-based composites exhibiting high-k for electric applications.…”

Functional Aromatic Polyamides

“…After carbonization at 900 • C and removal of the template, ordered mesoporous carbons with very narrow pore size distributions and nitrogen and oxygen contents as large as ≈6 wt % and between 6.4 and 11.5 wt %, respectively. Xie et al [154] prepared polymer nanocomposites by using core−shell structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grafted barium titanate hybrid nanofiller. The high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) was used as the polymer matrix.…”

“…Finally, as exposed previously, Qian et al [43] obtained aluminum nitride nanoparticles treated with a silane coupling agent as reinforcing fillers for epoxy composites. Xie et al [154] prepared polymer nanocomposites by using core−shell structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grafted barium titanate hybrid nanofiller. The high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) was used as the polymer matrix.…”

“…The polyamides exhibited good mechanical properties, high T g s (311-330 • C), and excellent thermal stabilities. Xie et al [154] prepared polymer nanocomposites by using core−shell structured hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grafted barium titanate hybrid nanofiller. The high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) was used as the polymer matrix.…”