Core–shell PVA/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds using co‐solvent, aqueous electrospinning: Toward a green approach

Abstract

Electrospinning (ES) of gelatin often requires cytotoxic organic solvents or acidic environments, which deteriorate cell recognition sites. In this study, aqueous, non-toxic, co-solvent ES was performed to obtain core-shell poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds. Effects of the core/shell feed rate ratio (FRR) were investigated on a morphological and mechanical basis. PVA:gelatin ratio of 1:4 was the limiting ratio for specific voltage and electrode distance parameters to obtain uniform fibers. Core-shell bead-free structures were obtained at 8% PVA and gelatin aqueous solutions. A mean diameter of 280 nm was obtained for 1:1 FRR at 15 kV and 15 cm of electrode distance. Crosslinking resulted in slight improvement in tensile strengths and severe decrease in ductility. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed retention and improvement of stable secondary structures of gelatin after ES. The scaffolds almost degraded more than 60% in 14 days. Based on the results, present scaffolds hold great promise as suitable candidates for biomedical applications.

Application of Solution Blow Spinning for Rapid Fabrication of Gelatin/Nylon 66 Nanofibrous Film

“…Figure 2a shows the FTIR spectra of the GA, PA66 films and GA/PA66 films with various weight ratios. For the GA film, the broad stretching band at 3000 to 3750 cm −1 (amide A) was related to N-H stretching vibrations and O-H, and three characteristic peaks of GA were observed at around 1647 cm −1 (amide I) corresponding to C=O and C-N stretching vibrations, 1542 cm −1 (amide II) corresponding to N-H bending and C-H stretching vibration, and 1259 cm −1 (amide III) [9,36]. For PA66 film, the adsorption peak appearing at 3305 cm −1 belonged to the N-H stretching band of amine group and the peaks at 1641 cm −1 and 1540 cm −1 [37]; and the characteristic peak at 2934 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of C-H also confirmed solid evidence of the existence of PA66 [38].…”

Fabricating of poly(vinyl alcohol)/halloysite nanotubes/gelatin composite sponges with enhanced mechanical properties and rapid water absorption speed

“…In the spectrum of PVA/HNTs/gelatin composite sample, which presents the bands at approximately ν = 1650, 1548, and 1248 cm À1 are attributed to the amide I, amide II, and amide III of gelatin, respectively. 58 In addition, the band from 3160 to 3700 cm À1 moved to 3150-3600 cm À1 , which corresponds to the interaction of halloysite with the O H stretching vibration. 59 The hydrogen bonding between PVA and HNTs was confirmed.…”

Study of the in vitro degradation and characterization of the HaCat keratinocytes adherence on electrospun scaffolds based polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate

“…To overcome this limitation, the addition of cross-linking agents results in a scaffold with a reticulated structure and stability in the aqueous medium. 7,[15][16][17] Thus, a scaffold that complies with the requirements mentioned above during the early stages of culture; changes its conformational structure once the cells attach and proliferate on the electrospun fibers, consequently affecting the mass, topology, and geometry of the scaffolds. In this regard, a critical property of a biomaterial scaffold is its ability to degrade and reshape at a rate that matches the formation of new tissue.…”

“…One limitation of using electrospun PVA nanofibers in tissue regeneration therapies is their poor solubility in the aqueous medium. To overcome this limitation, the addition of cross‐linking agents results in a scaffold with a reticulated structure and stability in the aqueous medium 7,15–17 …”