Core@shell Cu/hydrocarbon plasma polymer nanoparticles prepared by gas aggregation cluster source followed by in‐flight plasma polymer coating

Kylián, Ondřej; Kuzminova, Anna; Vaydulych, Mykhailo; Cieslar, Miroslav; Khalakhan, Ivan; Hanuš, Jan; Choukourov, Andrei; Slavı́nská, D.; Biederman, Hynek

doi:10.1002/ppap.201700109

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The method has acquired particular popularity as is evidenced by an increasing number of papers that have been published in recent years. Single-metal, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] alloyed [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and heterostructured NPs [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] have been successfully synthesized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering

et al. 2018

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Magnetron discharge in a cold buffer gas represents a liquid-free approach to the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with tailored structure, chemical composition and size. Despite a large number of metal NPs that were successfully produced by this method, the knowledge of the mechanisms of their nucleation and growth in the discharge is still limited, mainly because of the lack of in situ experimental data. In this work, we present the results of in situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering measurements performed in the vicinity of a Cu magnetron target with Ar used as a buffer gas. Condensation of atomic metal vapours is found to occur mainly at several mm distance from the target plane. The NPs are found to be captured preferentially within a region circumscribed by the magnetron plasma ring. In this capture zone, the NPs grow to the size of 90 nm whereas smaller ones sized 10-20 nm may escape and constitute a NP beam. Time-resolved measurements of the discharge indicate that the electrostatic force acting on the charged NPs may be largely responsible for their capturing nearby the magnetron.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering

et al. 2018

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“…One possible way of improving the properties of produced NPs is their in-flight modification by an auxiliary plasma, that is, the strategy that was previously used for the oxidation of Ti and Ag NPs [39,40] or the production of Ni@Ti, Ni@Cu, and Cu/C:H heterogeneous NPs. [27,41,42] However, this strategy is not so simple, as the NPs that travel through the auxiliary plasma acquire a negative charge. As a result, their movement starts getting influenced by time-variable electromagnetic fields in the RF plasma.…”

Section: In-flight Modification Of Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma‐based synthesis of iron carbide nanoparticles

Libenská

Hanuš

Košutová

et al. 2020

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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In this study, iron carbide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by the plasma-based method using a gas aggregation source of NPs. In-flight plasma treatment of the NPs was performed to improve their temporal stability. The auxiliary radiofrequency plasma used for the in-flight treatment resulted in trapping of the NPs in the plasma for several 10s of seconds. Scanning electron microscopy and smallangle X-ray scattering analyses showed a decrease in the size of NPs due to the plasma treatment, whereas the X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of the NPs changed from amorphous iron carbide to the crystalline Fe 3 C (cementite). In situ and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement confirmed better temporal stability of plasma-treated NPs against oxidation. 1 | INTRODUCTION Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are of great interest due to their use in data storage media, magnetic fluids, catalysis, drug delivery, imaging, magnetic separation, and many other applications. [1-6] In biomedicine, demands for magnetic properties of NPs are also complemented by demands for their biocompatibility. [7,8] This requirement can be fulfilled by the use of ironbased NPs due to the natural presence of iron in a human body. However, metal iron is highly reactive and immediately oxidizes in the atmosphere or aqueous media. Hence, due to oxidation, Fe NPs may lose their excellent magnetic properties during contact with biological tissues. The deposition of barrier shells over the Fe NPs may prevent oxidation. Metal, ceramic, or polymer shells are typically considered. Noble metals, Au or Pt, can effectively prevent oxidation and keep the toxicity of the NPs at a low level, though at a high cost. Ceramics are cheaper and also boast of good barrier properties; however, they may serve as a source of unwanted oxygen themselves. In the case of polymers, shells should be made thicker to hinder the diffusion of water and oxygen molecules through the free volume unoccupied by macromolecules. The fabrication of iron carbide NPs can be seen as a good alternative to bare iron, which immediately oxidizes in the atmosphere or in aqueous media. Iron carbide (Fe 3 C), also known as cementite, is stable in the air up to 200°C. Its bulk saturation magnetization is 140 emu/g, which is lower than that of iron (~220 emu/g), but higher than that of iron oxides (~90 emu/g). [9,10] Many studies have reported on the preparation of iron carbide NPs by wet chemistry methods.

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“…This technique utilizes the spatiotemporal separation of the core formation that takes place inside the aggregation chamber of mGAS and its subsequent modification/coating that occurs in an auxiliary zone located in between the output of mGAS and substrate. Such an approach was recently employed for the production of various types of core/shell 44 , 45 and core/satellite 46 , 47 nanoparticles or for the in-flight oxidation of metallic NPs 20 , 48 . Naturally, the critical parameter that determines the performance of this deposition strategy is the residence time of NPs in the zone, where they are modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical time-of-flight filter based on slotted disks and helical rotor for measurement of velocities of nanoparticles

Solař

Kousal

Hanuš

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A mechanical time-of-flight filter intended for measurement of velocities of nanoparticles exiting a gas aggregation source has been developed. Several configurations maximizing simplicity, throughput or resolution are suggested and investigated both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the data measured using such filters may be easily converted to the real velocity distribution with high precision. Furthermore, it is shown that properly designed filters allow for the monitoring of the velocity of nanoparticles even at the conditions with extremely low intensity of the nanoparticle beam.

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Core@shell Cu/hydrocarbon plasma polymer nanoparticles prepared by gas aggregation cluster source followed by in‐flight plasma polymer coating

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering

Magnetron-sputtered copper nanoparticles: lost in gas aggregation and found by in situ X-ray scattering

Plasma‐based synthesis of iron carbide nanoparticles

Mechanical time-of-flight filter based on slotted disks and helical rotor for measurement of velocities of nanoparticles

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