Core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan

Mannan, Hasheem; Eltayeb, Shahla; MacLachlan, Malcolm; Amin, Mutaz; McVeigh, Joanne; Munthali, Alister; Rooy, Gert Van

doi:10.1186/1752-4458-7-7

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This study applied a socially vulnerable group demand index (hereinafter SDI) to calculate the accessibility level of various green parks in Dhaka to vulnerable social classes. Vulnerable groups were defined as social groups that possess minimal assets and thus experience high relative dangers of hardship and untimely mortality [67]. Vulnerability also refers to a person's social status and living standard other than physical conditions.…”

Section: Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People

Rahman

Zhang

2018

Sustainability

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This study estimates the factors affecting socially vulnerable groups’ demand for and accessibility levels to green public spaces in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dhaka is a high-density city with one of the lowest levels of green space per capita in the world. Dhaka has just 8.5% of tree-covered lands, while an ideal city requires at least 20% of green space. Urban public green space provides a healthy environment to city dwellers as well as ecological soundness. This study aims to examine the effects of population density and size of a community area (Thana) on the social demand for and accessibility to green parks. To determine the socially vulnerable group demand index, this study used demographic data from the National Population and Housing Census 2011 conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. This study used geographical data extracted from Google Earth Pro to measure accessibility levels, and additionally analyzed geographical data with ArcGIS 10.0 and Google Earth Pro. We drew radius circles using Free Map Tools to measure time-distance weighted scores from community areas to urban green spaces. The results show that the large population size of socially vulnerable groups creates very high demand at the score of 0.61 for urban green public parks and small-sized, high-density community areas generate very good accessibility at 2.01% to green public spaces. These findings are highly useful to policymakers, urban planners, landscape engineers, and city governments to make a compact city sustainable, inclusive, and resilient. Moreover, the notion of a “smart city” might be a smart solution in order to manage Dhaka Megacity sustainably in this modern technological age.

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Section: Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People

Rahman

Zhang

2018

Sustainability

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“…For example, a recent study to explore mental disorder and its association with sexual risk behaviors and HIV found that more women than men experienced higher rates of depression, psychological distress, alcohol abuse all associated with increased sexual risk behaviors, rape and violence by partners and non-partners. [ 28 ] Other findings have indicated that more women in the general population experienced severe mental disorders combined with HIV and admission to hospital. Although these discoveries lend credence to a correlation between trauma and behavior, the lack of crucial information pertaining to whether the disorder preceded or resulted from the traumatic event is crucial in order to reach a thorough understanding and to treat appropriately.…”

Section: Gender and Mental Health In Ugandamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities in Introducing Western Mental Health System in Uganda

Kopinak¹

2014

Int. J. MCH AIDS

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Background:Despite decades of disagreement among mental health practitioners and researchers in the Western world pertaining to the causation, classification and treatment of mental disorders there is an ongoing push to implement western mental health models in developing countries. Little information exists on the adaptability of western mental health models in developing countries.Method:This paper presents a review of the attempt to implement a western-oriented mental health system into a different culture, specifically a developing country such as Uganda. It draws upon an extensive literature review and the author’s work in Uganda to identify the lessons learned as well as the challenges of introducing a western-oriented mental health system in a totally new cultural milieu.Results:There is recognition by the national government that the challenges faced in mental health services poses serious public health and development concerns. Efforts have and are being made to improve services using the Western model to diagnose and treat, frequently with practitioners who are unfamiliar with the language, values and culture.Conclusions and Global Health Implications:Uganda can continue to implement the Western mental health practice model which emanates from a different cultural base, based on the medical model and whose tenets are currently being questioned, or establish a model based on their needs with small baseline in-country surveys that focus on values, beliefs, resiliency, health promotion and recovery. The latter approach will lead to a more efficient mental health system with improved care, better outcomes and overall mental health services to Ugandan individuals and communities.

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“…First, people with disabilities and people with ID were included as vulnerable groups, and not all twelve vulnerable groups used in the original EquiFrame were included in the research. Second, although the initial EquiFrame tool was used specifically for analyzing health policy (Eide et al, ; Mannan et al, ; Schneider et al, ), it has also been successfully applied beyond health policy with international policy in the form of the UNCRPD (Mannan et al, ), disability policy (O'Dowd et al, ), and orthopedic technical services (Van Rooy et al, ). EquiFrame's reach can therefore extend beyond health policy to other guiding or accompanying documents (Van Rooy et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Human Rights Concepts in Irish Health and Housing Policy Documents: In Search of Equity for People With ID

O’Donovan

Mannan

McVeigh

et al. 2018

Policy Practice Intel Disabi

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If specific groups and their needs are excluded from policy, this exclusion may extend to service delivery and add to the inequities that already exist in health and housing access for vulnerable groups. The extent to which Irish housing/de‐institutionalization and health policies include core human rights concepts has not been examined previously. This article examines the extent to which the core human rights concepts for people with ID are represented in health and housing policies. EquiFrame was the analytical tool for examining six health and housing policies. EquiFrame analyzes policy content on commitment to core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups. Health and housing policies in Ireland, despite outlining a commitment to reducing health inequities, were not found to have a commitment to the core human rights concepts in relation to the specific needs of people with disabilities and people with an intellectual disability. Equity means inclusion of all people and includes recognition, acknowledgement, and monitoring of the specific needs and challenges faced by particular vulnerable population groups, and that these needs are being addressed through policy administered by federal oversight agencies. An implication of the findings is that the EquiFrame tool previously used in the health sector is also useful in considering housing policy. Furthermore, equity concerns need to be examined closely for people with ID because including all vulnerable groups in one aggregated category has been shown to conceal the specific needs and challenges that need to be addressed for specific vulnerable groups.

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Core concepts of human rights and inclusion of vulnerable groups in the mental health policies of Malawi, Namibia, and Sudan

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People

Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People

Mental Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities in Introducing Western Mental Health System in Uganda

Core Human Rights Concepts in Irish Health and Housing Policy Documents: In Search of Equity for People With ID

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