Cord Blood Copper Concentrations in the Presence of a Copper-Releasing Intrauterine Contraceptive Device

Abstract

Conception had occurred despite the presence of a 'Gravigard' copper-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD). She gave a history of congenital heart disease for which she had had surgery on two occasions. At 11 years of age an atrial septal defect (ASD) had been repaired. This operation was unsuccessful and further surgery was performed at the age of 16 years. At that time, in addition to the ASD she was found to have both mitral and tricuspid incompetence. The ASD was closed and a tricuspid anuloplasty carried out. The mitral valve was not repaired. Postoperatively she was left with mild residual tricuspid and mitral incompetence but was asymptomatic.

The state of the device and copper levels in the products of conception in women becoming pregnant with a copper-bearing IUD in situ

“…The findings of an elevated cord blood caeroluplasmin level in a neonate (Alderman, 1976) and a spontaneously aborting anencephalic fetus (Gosden et al, 1977) conceived in the presence of a copper-bearing IUD have caused concern because it has been suggested that high copper levels might cause fetal abnormality. Barrie (1976) has discussed the problems of teratogenesis and limb reduction deformity.…”

Traffic Light Discoloration in Cremated Bones

“…Walshe quotes Holmbcrg and Laurell (1947) as stating 'in normal pregnancy, concentration of copper and caeruloplasmin in the serum are increased'. Alderman (1976) states 'during pregnancy the concentration of copper in the maternal serum is higher than in the non-pregnant state and it rises gradu ally towards term'.…”