“…Reasonable utilization of biomass will realize “turning waste into treasure”. Most importantly, biomasses have their unique microstructures and compositions, and the resultant biomass-derived carbons usually retain the diversity of their structures and compositions after pyrolysis ( Figure 1 ) [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Different structures (e.g., hard carbons, soft carbons, and hybrid carbons), different compositions (e.g., N-doped carbons and other atom doped carbons), and different morphologies (e.g., 1D, 2D and 3D hierarchical structures) of biomass-derived carbons greatly affect their electrochemical performance in SESDs.…”