Scalable production of reduced graphene oxide via biowaste valorisation: an efficient oxygen reduction reaction towards metal-free electrocatalysis

Abstract

The development of substantial, environmental-friendly and low-cost electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essentially important for the production and storage of green energy which has sparked the curiosity...

Exploiting enzymes to optimize the pH-universal electrocatalytic ORR performance of biomass-based nanoporous carbons

“…It is noteworthy that HE-NDPC-900 exhibits enhanced ORR performance at alkaline pH compared with those carbonaceous electrocatalysts that have been recently reported, such as N-CNT-900, 50 DN-OPC-4h 51 and NCS-rGO. 52 This variation in electrocatalytic activities can easily be understood by appreciating that the enzymatic treatment gives rise to high levels of N contents, nanopore volumes/SSAs and defects because of the improved efficiencies of N doping and nanoporous propagation, thereby leading to the increase in reaction sites and the optimization of mass transfer.…”

Catalyzing sustainability: phytic acid as a green precursor for metal-free carbon electrocatalysts in ORR

“…Of all the heteroatoms commonly used for carbon doping, such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), boron (B) and halogens, nitrogen (N) has been the most studied due to its well-known effect on electrocatalytic activity. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In comparison, phosphorus (P) has received relatively less attention as a doping atom for ORR electrocatalysts. However, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in using P as a heteroatom to produce highperformance carbons.…”

“…17,18 In response to the limitations of metal-containing electrocatalysts, a new alternative based on metal-free carbon electrocatalysts is emerging as an efficient solution for ORR, particularly due to the low cost associated with their preparation. [19][20][21][22][23] However, one of the main challenges associated with the use of carbon materials as electrocatalysts is their low electrocatalytic activity due to the homogeneous distribution of electron density along the carbon layers. To overcome this limitation, carbon materials are oen doped with heteroatoms to tailor their properties and increase their electrocatalytic performance.…”

Pyrolysis Enzymolysis-Treated Pomelo Peel: Porous Carbon Materials with Fe−Nx Sites for High-Performance Supercapacitor and Efficient Oxygen Reduction Applications

“…Recently, the utilization of natural biomass to prepare porous carbon materials has gained significant attention due to this material's abundance, low cost, and unique porous structure, including cotton, coconut fiber, chestnut, etc. [13][14][15]. Pomelo peels are an abundant, easily accessible, and renewable resource and can be used as a high−quality biomass carbon source due to their richness in soluble and insoluble compounds.…”