Coralline algal growth-increment widths archive North Atlantic climate variability

Halfar, Jochen; Hetzinger, Steffen; Adey, Walter H.; Zack, Thomas; Gamboa, G.; Kunz, Barbara E.; Williams, B.; Jacob, Dorrit E.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.009

Cited by 77 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…As previous studies have demonstrated (Halfar et al, , 2008(Halfar et al, , 2011aFrantz et al, 2005;Hetzinger et al, 2011;Williams et al, 2011), these centuries-old carbonate formations, through analysis of their temperature-and light-dependent growth layers and the trace chemical structure of their carbonate cell walls, can provide significant climate archives. The coralline provides a surface for algal epiphytes, and both the corallines and the epiphytes are grazed by many invertebrates.…”

Section: S M I T H S O N I a N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coralline Genus Clathromorphum Foslie emend. Adey: Biological, Physiological, and Ecological Factors Controlling Carbonate Production in an Arctic-Subarctic Climate Archive

Adey¹,

Halfar²,

Williams³

2013

Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences

158

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s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e m a r i n e s c i e n c e s • n u m b e r 4 0 SerieS PublicationS of the SmithSonian inStitutionEmphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e m a r i n e s c i e n c e s • n u m b e r 4 0 Although commonly 2-10 cm in thickness, Clathromorphum can reach a thickness of up to 50 cm while forming an annually layered structure that can reach currently documented ages of up to 850 years. Geochemical and growth information archived in annual growth bands of Clathromorphum sp. has been used to provide long time series of past environmental conditions in regions that are poorly understood major drivers of Northern Hemisphere climate. However, information on Clathromorphum calcification, growth, and ecology that would allow interpretation of these records has previously been quite limited. Here we relate extensive field and laboratory data on the biology, physiology, and ecology of species of this genus and their controlling environmental parameters. We show that Clathromorphum has evolved a unique mode of double calcification, with high-magnesium calcite crystals, that enhances long life and leads to a multielement climate archive. Growth rates are controlled by temperature, and carbonate density is controlled by light, determined by both latitude and sea ice cover, whereas carbonate buildup and ultimate thickness are determined by local geomorphology and faunal interactions. Reproduction is complexly linked to vegetative anatomy. Precise paleoenvironmental...

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Section: S M I T H S O N I a N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O T H E M mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coralline Genus Clathromorphum Foslie emend. Adey: Biological, Physiological, and Ecological Factors Controlling Carbonate Production in an Arctic-Subarctic Climate Archive

Adey¹,

Halfar²,

Williams³

2013

Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences

158

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“…Annual growth rates of Clathromorphum are dependent on both light and temperature (14,15) and decline slowly with temperature from 400 μm/y near the southern limit of distribution of C. compactum at 43°N to 240 μm/y at 52°N, the beginning of significant sea ice (Fig. S1).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…All analyzed MgO concentrations clearly exceed the detection limit, which, calculated from the background noise, was 0.015% (2-sigma). Age models were established based on the pronounced seasonal cycle in algal Mg/Ca as discussed in Halfar et al (14). Maximum (minimum) Mg/Ca values of subannual cycles were tied to August (March), which is on average the warmest (coolest) month in the study area.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, widths of annual Mg/Ca cycles were determined by calculating the distance between microprobe stage coordinates of successive Mg/Ca lows. Widths of annual Mg/Ca cycles are equivalent to annual vertical growth rates (14). Error of growth measurement is dependent on microprobe sampling resolution (e.g., 15 μm for Ki1 and Ki2, 10 μm for AB1).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Arctic sea-ice decline archived by multicentury annual-resolution record from crustose coralline algal proxy

Halfar

Adey

Kronz³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

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Northern Hemisphere sea ice has been declining sharply over the past decades and 2012 exhibited the lowest Arctic summer sea-ice cover in historic times. Whereas ongoing changes are closely monitored through satellite observations, we have only limited data of past Arctic sea-ice cover derived from short historical records, indirect terrestrial proxies, and low-resolution marine sediment cores. A multicentury time series from extremely long-lived annual increment-forming crustose coralline algal buildups now provides the first high-resolution in situ marine proxy for sea-ice cover. Growth and Mg/Ca ratios of these Arctic-wide occurring calcified algae are sensitive to changes in both temperature and solar radiation. Growth sharply declines with increasing sea-ice blockage of light from the benthic algal habitat. The 646-y multisite record from the Canadian Arctic indicates that during the Little Ice Age, sea ice was extensive but highly variable on subdecadal time scales and coincided with an expansion of ice-dependent Thule/ Labrador Inuit sea mammal hunters in the region. The past 150 y instead have been characterized by sea ice exhibiting multidecadal variability with a long-term decline distinctly steeper than at any time since the 14th century.S ea ice plays an important role in the global climate system because it influences albedo, heat and gas exchange, freshwater budget, ocean stratification, and deep water mass formation, among other ocean characteristics (1, 2). Presently, there is great concern that with ongoing warming, Arctic sea-ice decline is accelerating at an unprecedented pace not seen in at least the past 1,450 y (3). Sea-ice cover (SIC) is a sensitive parameter characterized by high variability in space and time (1) and analysis of sea-ice extent on a regional basis reveals that positive and negative anomalies in different sectors of the Arctic often occur simultaneously (4). Early 20th century Northern Hemisphere warming and sea-ice decline were mainly concentrated on the Atlantic portion of the Arctic with focal points in the Labrador Sea and Greenland, whereas mid-late 20th century sea-ice loss was most evident in the Russian Arctic (5-7). Modeling studies indicate that this differential sea-ice decline has likely been caused by Atlantic inflow variability into the Arctic (5, 8) and at least in part driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (7).However, the SIC-atmosphere system is especially difficult to model with only a short observational record available. Instrumental data from satellite observations have been recorded only since the late 1970s when anthropogenic effects were likely already overprinting the natural climate system. Longer-term data from historical observations are far less dependable, because coverage is patchy and reliability sometimes uncertain. For a better understanding of long-term sea-ice variability, both in space and time, a network of high-resolution multicentury or millennial-scale sea-ice data derived from proxy records are needed (3, 9). High-resoluti...

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“…Despite the high biological variability in growth rates among Clathromorphum sp. specimens (Halfar et al, 2011a;Halfar et al, 2011b), the geochemical variability within a specimen or among specimens has not been fully assessed because previous studies generally rely on few specimens due to the analytical expense and time constraints of analyzing replicate transects in multiple specimens (Halfar et al, 2008;Halfar et al, 2007;Hetzinger et al, 2009;Hetzinger et al, 2012;Hetzinger et al, 2013). Yet, it is important to understand the intra-and inter-specimen geochemical variability so that environmentally-driven variability in the algal skeleton can be separated from biological variability and confidence intervals can be established for interpreting the records generated from geochemical measurements (de Villiers et al, 1995;DeLong et al, 2007;DeLong et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-specimen and multi-site calibration of Aleutian coralline algal Mg/Ca to sea surface temperature

Williams

Halfar

DeLong

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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specimen and multi-site calibration of Aleutian coralline algal Mg/Ca to sea surface temperature, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2014), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca. 2014.04.006 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Coralline algal growth-increment widths archive North Atlantic climate variability

Cited by 77 publications

References 58 publications

The Coralline Genus Clathromorphum Foslie emend. Adey: Biological, Physiological, and Ecological Factors Controlling Carbonate Production in an Arctic-Subarctic Climate Archive

The Coralline Genus Clathromorphum Foslie emend. Adey: Biological, Physiological, and Ecological Factors Controlling Carbonate Production in an Arctic-Subarctic Climate Archive

Arctic sea-ice decline archived by multicentury annual-resolution record from crustose coralline algal proxy

Multi-specimen and multi-site calibration of Aleutian coralline algal Mg/Ca to sea surface temperature

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