Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Human Blood From 19 Locations in the United States

Kubota, Joe; Lazar, V.; Losee, F.L.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1968.10665153

Cited by 86 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1974). This may be due to geographical differences (Kubota et al, 1968) or possibly to less contamina tion by extraneous zinc. In our search for zinc-free syringes, we have found that almost all disposable polypropylene syringes contain varying high amounts of zinc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Age and Sex on Plasma Zinc Levels in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

Chooi¹,

Todd²,

Boyd³

1976

Ann Nutr Metab

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Plasma zinc levels were measured in both healthy and diabetic individuals having an age range of 10–93 years. No significant differences in plasma zinc concentrations were found between males and females in either healthy or diabetic individuals. Up to the age of 50 years, the mean plasma zinc of normal individuals remained relatively constant at 70 ± 32µg/100 ml ( ± 2 SE) after which the levels decreased. This decreasing pattern was absent in diabetics, whose plasma zinc of 65 ± 32µg/100 ml remained constant over the entire age range. For women on oral contraceptive agents, the mean plasma zinc was 59 ± 18 µg/100 ml, which was significantly lower than that of controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Age and Sex on Plasma Zinc Levels in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

Chooi¹,

Todd²,

Boyd³

1976

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Metals often occur together in the same ore bodies (Sittig, 1976), and their concentrations in hair and blood often show strong positive correlations (Kubota et al, 1968;Marlowe et al, 1983b;Petering et al, 1973). In this study hair lead levels correlated positively with hairarsenic (.57, p <.001), hair-cadmium (.49, p <.01) and hair-aluminum (.38, p <.001), but were inversely related to hair-mercury ( -.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Main and Interaction Effects of Metallic Pollutants on Cognitive Functioning

Moon¹,

Marlowe²,

Stellem³

et al. 1985

J Learn Disabil

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The present study investigated possible relationships of metal levels and metal combinations with children's cognitive functioning. Hair-metal concentrations of lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and aluminum were determined in 69 randomly selected elementary age children. They were also administered the Wide Range Achievement Test reading and spelling tests and the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. Parents of subjects were interviewed to control for confounding variables that may affect cognitive development. Regression data indicated that increases in arsenic and the interaction of arsenic with lead were significantly related to decreased reading and spelling achievement, and increases in aluminum and the interaction of aluminum with lead were significantly related to decreased visual-motor performance. A continuing reexamination of metal poisoning concentrations is needed, because metal levels and metal combinations previously thought harmless may be associated with cognitive deficits. I t is well established that children exposed to high doses of lead and other metal pollutants are often left with permanent neurological sequelae and with mental impairment. A source of considerable debate, however, is whether low doses of metals adversely affect cognitive functioning (Rutter, 1980). Although limited by methodological errors, previous studies have linked low lead levels with cognitive, perceptual, and behavior deficits (Needleman et al., 1979;Winneke et al., 1983; Yule et al., 1982). Among the methodological errors of earlier studies is the failure to account for the influence of other toxic metals on lead-dose behavioral response measures. Although largely unexplored, low levels of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and aluminum have been recently linked to childhood developmental decrements (Marlowe et al., 1983a;Marlowe et al., 1983b;Thatcher et al., 1982), and some investigators have hypothesized that metal combinations may have an interactive effect, thereby increasing the total toxicity of the child's system.The purpose of this study was to deal with the above design issues while measuring the relationships between lead and other individual metal levels and metal combinations and children's performance on tests measuring reading and spelling achievement and visual-motor performance. It was hypothesized that as children's individual metal levels and metal combinations increased, their cognitive performance would decrease.

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“…Halsted, et al (1974) lamentaram este fato e queriam uma padronização de métodos a fim de permitir uma melhor interpretação das diferenças óbvias encontradas entre os níveis de zinco relatadas por vá-rios autores. Variações geográfi-cas nos níveis de zinco no sangue tem sido mencionadas nos Estados Unidos da América (Kubota, et al, 1968) e Finlândia (Biorksten etal., 1978). Poucos dos autores dos estudos publicados sobre ní-vel de zinco no sangue definiram seu grupo de controle, além dos indivíduos serem "aparentemente saudáveis".…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

ESTUDO SOBRE O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EM RELAÇÃO AO ZINCO NA AMAZÔNIA. I. Níveis de Zinco no Sôro e Ingestão de Zinco em Operários de Manaus, 1978 ()

et al. 1983

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SUMARIOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a baixa Ingestão de zinco relatada para a população da área urbana da cidade de Manaus, no Estado do Amazonas, está associada com níveis baixos de zinco sé-rico. O estudo foi realizado com trabalhadores percebendo salários baixos, em quatro fábricas de Manaus. Duas destas fábricas forneciam alimentação e assistência médica. A média e a mediana da ingestão de zinco dietético, foi 54.7% e 49.3% respectivamente das recomendações diárias, americanas. A ingestão de zinco foi mais alta nos trabalhadores nascidos em Manaus, que possuíam um melhor nível de escolaridade e que tinham renda familiar mais alta, mas essas diferenças foram evidentes unicamente nas fábricas que não forneciam refeição. A ingestão de zinco diminui com a idade em ambos os sexos, sendo mais alto nos homens do que nas mulheres em todos os grupos por idade. Essa tendência foi observada em todas as fábricas. Não houve diferença significativa do nível de zinco sérico entre homens e mulheres. Porém o valor de zinco no soro tende a declinar também com a idade em ambos os sexos. A média do nível de zinco sé-rico de trabalhadores com renda familiar baixa e média foi significativamente mais baixa do que trabalhadores com renda familiar alta (P<.001, P<.05). 34% de todos os trabalhadores com renda familiar baixa, 26% com renda familiar média e 17% com renda familiar alta, tinham ní-veis de zinco sérico deficientes (<115 p,mol/l). A concentração de zinco no soro foi relacionada com ingestão de zinco do sexo masculino (r=0.26 p<.02) mas não em operários do sexo feminino (r=0.11 p<-1). A ingestão de zinco em trabalhadores de ambos os sexos com nível de zinco sérico deficiente foi significativamente mais baixa do que aqueles com nível de zinco sérico normal. A ingesta de zinco nos homens foi mais alta do que nas mulheres para todos os ní-veis de zinco sérico. INTRODUÇÃO

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Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Human Blood From 19 Locations in the United States

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of Age and Sex on Plasma Zinc Levels in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

Influence of Age and Sex on Plasma Zinc Levels in Normal and Diabetic Individuals

Main and Interaction Effects of Metallic Pollutants on Cognitive Functioning

ESTUDO SOBRE O ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EM RELAÇÃO AO ZINCO NA AMAZÔNIA. I. Níveis de Zinco no Sôro e Ingestão de Zinco em Operários de Manaus, 1978 ()

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