Copper-tolerance in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Xanthomonas spp. and the control of diseases associated with these pathogens in tomato and pepper. A systematic literature review

Griffin, Karina; Gambley, Cherie; Brown, Philip H.; Li, Yujuan

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.02.008

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Disease control is difficult because of the lack of durable host‐determined pathogen resistance in commercial tomato cultivars and the development of resistance to copper in Xanthomonas populations due to the extensive use of copper sprays in standard disease‐control treatments (Obradovic et al ., ; Potnis et al ., ; Griffin et al ., ). In addition, these compounds can damage the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Xanthomonas vesicatoria virulence factors involved in early stages of bacterial spot development in tomato

et al. 2018

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Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv) is a member of a species complex that causes bacterial spot on tomato, one of the most important diseases of this crop worldwide. The objective of this investigation was to analyse several characteristics involved in Xv virulence in relation to strain aggressiveness. Motility, biofilm formation, adhesion and production of xanthan were evaluated in three local strains causing tomato bacterial spot in Argentina. The strains assayed presented differential swarming and twitching motilities, adhesion and biofilm formation abilities. The most aggressive strain, BNM 208, exhibited the greatest swarming and twitching motilities, and developed a mature biofilm with presence of defined cell clusters, a homogeneous and compact structure, and higher biomass and substratum coverage than the other two strains. Even though the three strains produced similar amounts of xanthan, BNM 208 produced the most viscous exopolysaccharide, which possibly relates to the better characteristics of its biofilm. Despite other differences, the three strains multiplied to similar levels when they were infiltrated into the leaf. The results suggest that the aggressiveness of Xv strains studied in this work was related to their ability to move by flagella or type IV pili, adhere to leaves and form well developed biofilms, factors that improve phyllosphere colonization. A better understanding of the factors involved in the Xv infection process at the early stages would contribute to developing new control strategies for this phytopathogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Xanthomonas vesicatoria virulence factors involved in early stages of bacterial spot development in tomato

et al. 2018

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“…Control of BLS is achieved primarily through the use of resistant lines, antibiotic application and copper sprays. Reliance on a limited range of chemicals has seen copper and antibiotic resistance develop rapidly in Xanthomonas populations (Griffin et al 2017;Martin et al 2004;Minsavage et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Xanthomonas species associated with bacterial leaf spot of tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia

Roach

Mann

Gambley³

et al. 2017

Eur J Plant Pathol

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Several species of Xanthomonas cause bacterial leaf spot, a disease that affects solanaceous crops worldwide. The diversity of 64 Australian isolates of Xanthomonas spp. associated with bacterial leaf spot in tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia was determined using multi-locus sequence analysis of atpD, dnaK, efp and gyrB genes, species-specific PCR assays and biochemical analyses. At least five species of Xanthomonas associated with bacterial leaf spot were identified in Australian tomato, capsicum and chilli crops and their pathogenicity assessed. Phylogenetic and biochemical analyses identified X. euvesicatoria, X. perforans and X. vesicatoria as the most frequently recovered pathogenic species. Non-pathogenic and weakly pathogenic species were also identified. The suitability of the identification methods used and the implications of the detection of these species will be discussed.Keywords amylolytic . pectolytic . Solanaceae . disease management IntroductionBacterial leaf spot (BLS) is a disease of solanaceous crops that occurs worldwide, especially in warm and humid climates (Jones et al. 2014). Several species of Xanthomonas are reported to cause BLS of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), capsicum and chilli (Capsicum annuum) . The symptoms of BLS are small, brown, angular, water-soaked lesions on leaves, stems and fruit, and result in defoliation and direct fruit damage. Severe infection may result in extensive damage to crops with significant yield losses (Pernezny et al. 2003). Species reported to cause BLS all produce similar symptoms on their hosts, making precise diagnosis difficult from visual symptoms alone. The impact of pathological convergence and importance of phylogenetic testing in the case of BLS are further highlighted by Hajri et al. (2009). The causal bacteria are spread by wind and water, and may survive in crop residues, weeds and volunteer plants (Jones et al. 1986). A link between field disease and seed contamination has Eur J Plant Pathol (2018) 150:595-608

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“…While 93% of published studies use an agar‐based methodology, surprisingly, there is no standardized medium preparation for this type of testing (Griffin et al . ). Organic additives, such as peptones and sugars, can affect how bacteria grow on the copper‐amended medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Whereas, other studies test at a range of concentrations (Griffin et al . ). The reason for the selection of 0·8 mmol l −1 as a single threshold value is not clear, with most studies citing previous work such as Stall et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Media pH and media type can significantly affect the reliability of in vitro copper tolerance assessments of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

Griffin

Brown

Gambley³

2018

J Appl Microbiol

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Copper-tolerance in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Xanthomonas spp. and the control of diseases associated with these pathogens in tomato and pepper. A systematic literature review

Cited by 56 publications

References 48 publications

Xanthomonas vesicatoria virulence factors involved in early stages of bacterial spot development in tomato

Xanthomonas vesicatoria virulence factors involved in early stages of bacterial spot development in tomato

Identification of Xanthomonas species associated with bacterial leaf spot of tomato, capsicum and chilli crops in eastern Australia

Media pH and media type can significantly affect the reliability of in vitro copper tolerance assessments of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

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