Copper salicylate and copper phenylbutazone as topically applied anti‐inflammatory agents in the rat and horse

Abstract

Topically applied copper phenylbutazone, phenylbutazone, copper salicylate, salicylate and dimethylsulfoxide glycerol (80:20) were investigated as anti-inflammatory agents in rats and horses. Dimethylsulfoxide and glycerol (80:20) or dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol and glycerol (60:20:20) were used as the drug solvents. Subcutaneously administered carrageenin was used to induce inflammatory oedema, either in the paws of rats or the alar fold of the horse. The severity of the oedema and the anti-inflammatory effect of the drugs were assessed by measuring changes in the paw or alar-fold diameters. Copper salicylate and copper phenylbutazone were effective inhibitors of the inflammatory oedema in both species, but dimethylsulfoxide:glycerol (80:20) was not. In the rat, copper salicylate and copper phenylbutazone were superior anti-inflammatory agents compared to either salicylate or phenylbutazone, respectively. Following the topical application of four times the recommended daily dose of copper phenylbutazone to the horse for 5 days, minor skin irritation occurred and trace concentrations of phenylbutazone (maximum 0.6 microgram/ml) and negligible concentrations of oxyphenbutazone and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone were detected in the plasma.

Cupric Yersiniabactin Is a Virulence-Associated Superoxide Dismutase Mimic

“…We hypothesized that Ybt or related products protect intracellular pathogens from the respiratory burst within copper-containing phagosomes by forming Cu­(II) complexes that mimic superoxide dismutases. Cu­(II)-SA complexes with this activity have been described extensively and were once proposed for pharmaceutical use. ,− To determine whether wild type UTI89 culture supernatants exhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in the presence of copper, minimal media culture supernatants from UTI89 and UTI89Δ ybtS were fractionated and screened for SOD activity (Figure a and b) using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction WST-formazan-based superoxide assay. , Activities are expressed relative to 100 μM bovine Cu,Zn-SOD standard. Maximal SOD activity was observed in the 80% methanolic extract of copper-supplemented wild type UTI89 (87.6% of total supernatant activity).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Indomethacin. Synthesis, Magnetism and EPR Spectroscopy. Crystal Structure of the N,N-Dimethylformamide Adduct

“…Interest in developing potent yet less irritating NSAIDs has led to several studies on the preparation, characterization, and veterinary and medical use of divalent metal salts of IndoH and a number of other NSAIDs. ,− Carboxylate-type NSAIDs produce dinuclear ([Cu II 2 (RCOO) 4 L 2 ]) and mononuclear ([Cu II (RCOO) 2 L 2 ]) complexes, where R = aryl or phenyl group, and L has included a variety of ligands such as water, caffeine, imidazole, diethylamine, 3-picoline, N , N -dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-pyridylmethanol, and pyridine. ,,− …”

Reacciones adversas de los fármacos en los equinos

“…186 En ponis los efectos tóxicos se pueden prevenir tratándolos conjuntamente con PGE2 sintética por vía oral. 187 La administración de ranitidina (2 mg/kg iv bid) o sucralfato (4 g po bid) en potros de tres a cuatro meses de edad brinda sólo una protección parcial. 163,188 Flunixina meglumina FM Su toxicidad es rara, no se han observado reacciones adversas después de 10 días de administración a la dosis terapéutica.…”

“…Al administrarla por vía oral produjo úlceras en la boca. 187 Cuando se administró por vía iv provocó hiperventilación, sudoración, hiperactividad y temblores musculares. Estos signos se observan cuando la administración es intra-arterial o cuando la dosis es muy elevada (no se hace mención sobre la dosis); el dueño fue quien administró el medicamento.…”