Copper-promoted cementation of antimony in hydrochloric acid system: A green protocol

Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China

“…Chinese coal has a wide range of Pb isotopic ratios ( 207 Pb/ 206 Pb = 0.850–0.925), with values being higher in southern China than in the north [ 18 , 50 , 51 ]. Vehicular emission 207 Pb/ 206 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios averaged 0.885 and 2.069, respectively, consistent with values recorded in an industrial area (0.87 and 2.02, respectively) [ 36 ]; and in the Pearl River Delta (0.862 and 2.085, respectively [ 52 ]. Pb source contributions based on IsoSource are given in Figure 3 .…”

“…Source apportionment of grains to quantify relative contributions of pollution sources based on Pb isotopic data in this study were analyzed by two types of models: an end-member mixing model, and the EPA IsoSource model (Environmental Protection Agency, USA) [ 36 ]. The former was commonly used in earlier studies, with two or three end members [ 23 , 25 , 37 ], limiting pollution receptor modelling to two or three pollution sources, respectively.…”

“…The greater the number of end members, the more calculation is required, and three-end-member calculations are lengthy and tedious with a limit of three possible pollution sources. IsoSource modelling effectively solves these problems [ 36 ].…”

“…It was based on mass conservation principle of stable isotopes. The calculation formula is as follows [ 36 , 39 ]: where I r is the isotopic ratio of contamination receptor (soil or dustfall), R i is the contribution rate of source i , and ∂ i is the isotopic ratio of source i . In this study, there were two isotopic systems ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) and six (soil) or three (dustfall) potential sources, so the possible solutions of various combinations of the contribution rate range and mean value of the sources are obtained by using the above equations.…”

High Anode Performance of in Situ Formed Cu2Sb Nanoparticles Integrated on Cu Foil via Replacement Reaction for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…The fabrication process of the Cu 2 Sb/Cu anode is schematically illustrated in Scheme . Briefly, a Cu foil is immersed into an ethanol solution of SbCl 3 , where Sb 3+ is reduced to Sb, and it immediately forms intermetallics Cu 2 Sb with Cu. , At the same time, Cu is oxidized to Cu + , which reacts with Cl – to generate washable CuCl precipitate. The formation mechanism is depicted in Scheme .…”