Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Copper oxide is a p-type semiconductor which has many applications in a different field. Copper oxide has excellent applications as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor or anticancer. Copper oxide nanoparticle combines with the cell membrane and enters into a cell; generate reactive oxygen specie (ROS), which causes oxidative stress in the cell. Oxidative stress leads to metastasis, cancer proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and unregulated cell signaling. Hydroxyl free radical generated by Nanoparticles, combined with DNA and yield 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), resultantly DNA is damaged. CuO nanoparticle shows antibacterial activity on different bacterial strains such as staphylococcus aureus, bacillus circulens BP2, Escherichia coli, and P. aeruginosa. Recently, CuO nanoparticles have applications in the detection of Cholesterol, lactate biosensor, DNA sequencing of microbe, and anti-HIV drug analysis. There is specialized CuO nanoparticle such as Glucose sensor, Hydrogen peroxide sensor, Immunosensor, Dopamine sensor for the detection of the different biomolecule. ROS generated by CuO nanoparticle causes toxicity, which leads to cell death. There is a fascinating area of research against tumors by nanoparticle use because of its antitumor nature. Metal nanoparticle exhibits anticancer activity due to physicochemical properties as antioxidant action or use of external stimuli. Free radical which are produced by the metal nanoparticle, kill cancer cells.

SERS/TERS Characterization of New Potential Therapeutics: The Influence of Positional Isomerism, Interface Type, Oxidation State of Copper, and Incubation Time on Adsorption on the Surface of Copper(I) and (II) Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced mechanism on copper oxide NPs has been found to play a role in the apoptosis of renal cancer cells . Copper oxide NPs also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage mitochondrial membranes . The photodynamic activity of copper oxide NPs, resulting from their ability to generate ROS when excited by light, can be used in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment.…”

“… 25 Copper oxide NPs also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage mitochondrial membranes. 33 The photodynamic activity of copper oxide NPs, resulting from their ability to generate ROS when excited by light, can be used in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment. However, the tumor-specific toxicity of copper oxide NPs to cancer cells is not yet clear.…”

Copper nanocrystalline-doped folic acid-based super carbon dots for an enhanced antitumor effect in response to tumor microenvironment stimuli

“…Copper is a well-studied Fenton-like reagent with good reaction performance and a wide pH response range [17][18][19] and could also catalyze the conversion of organic peroxide to singlet oxygen through the Russell reaction. 20,21 So far, copper oxide, 22 copper sulfide, 23 copper complex, 24 and copper metal-organic frameworks (MOF) 25 have been extensively studied as CDT reagents.…”

Peppermint Oil, Its Useful, and Adverse Effects on Human Health: A Review

“…The sector technology of mint oil is about 8000 tons consistent with 12 months [12]. Peppermint has more than 101 local names in different countries (Table 5) [5,13]. Peppermint (M. piperita) could be an herbaceous rhizomatous, quickspreading, lasting, and winter difficult plant (Fig.…”