Abstract:In Malaysia, according to perspective sludge production factor (SPF), wastewater treatment plants produces about 5.3 million m3 of sewage sludge annually, most of this sludge are being wasted (unused) in the landfills. This study employed the use of dry activated sludge as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of copper Cu (II) from wastewater. Adsorption of Cu (II) by sludge activated carbon (SAC) was conducted using batch tests. The effect of contact time and adsorbent dosage on the removal of Cu (II)) from was… Show more
“…Abeer et al reported the preparation of AC from apricot stone and its application in removal of Zn + 2 and Al + 3 ions with removal efficiency of 92% [163]. Ebrahim et al designed AC from sewage sludge, applied it for the removal of Cu + 2 ions from water, and found that the designed material showed maximum adsorption capacity of above 50% [164]. Fig.…”
Section: Classification Of Carbon Nanomaterials Based On Their Dimensmentioning
Nanotechnology is an advanced field of science having the ability to solve the variety of environmental challenges by controlling the size and shape of the materials at a nanoscale. Carbon nanomaterials are unique because of their nontoxic nature, high surface area, easier biodegradation, and particularly useful environmental remediation. Heavy metal contamination in water is a major problem and poses a great risk to human health. Carbon nanomaterials are getting more and more attention due to their superior physicochemical properties that can be exploited for advanced treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. Carbon nanomaterials namely carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide, and activated carbon have great potential for removal of heavy metals from water because of their large surface area, nanoscale size, and availability of different functionalities and they are easier to be chemically modified and recycled. In this article, we have reviewed the recent advancements in the applications of these carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water and have also highlighted their application in environmental remediation. Toxicological aspects of carbon-based nanomaterials have also been discussed.
“…Abeer et al reported the preparation of AC from apricot stone and its application in removal of Zn + 2 and Al + 3 ions with removal efficiency of 92% [163]. Ebrahim et al designed AC from sewage sludge, applied it for the removal of Cu + 2 ions from water, and found that the designed material showed maximum adsorption capacity of above 50% [164]. Fig.…”
Section: Classification Of Carbon Nanomaterials Based On Their Dimensmentioning
Nanotechnology is an advanced field of science having the ability to solve the variety of environmental challenges by controlling the size and shape of the materials at a nanoscale. Carbon nanomaterials are unique because of their nontoxic nature, high surface area, easier biodegradation, and particularly useful environmental remediation. Heavy metal contamination in water is a major problem and poses a great risk to human health. Carbon nanomaterials are getting more and more attention due to their superior physicochemical properties that can be exploited for advanced treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. Carbon nanomaterials namely carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide, and activated carbon have great potential for removal of heavy metals from water because of their large surface area, nanoscale size, and availability of different functionalities and they are easier to be chemically modified and recycled. In this article, we have reviewed the recent advancements in the applications of these carbon nanomaterials in the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water and have also highlighted their application in environmental remediation. Toxicological aspects of carbon-based nanomaterials have also been discussed.
“…In a large-scale industrial application of adsorbent in the removal of a desired solute, the quantity or mass of adsorbent is an important factor. A series of adsorption experiments were carried out with different masses of adsorbent at a fixed initial solute concentration to investigate the effect of adsorbent mass on adsorption [20,53].…”
This study evaluates the potential to synthesize an adsorbent for wastewater remediation applications from an anaerobic digestion by-product synthesized using biomaterials and a less energy-intensive process. The synthesized sludge-based granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to adsorb Cr(VI) and Cd(II) in a batch reactor stirred for 24 h at 25 °C. The surface chemistry of the material was assessed porosity with BET, SEM for morphology, EDS-XRF for elemental analysis, and functional groups on these materials using FTIR and TGA for thermal profile. SBET of the SAC was discovered to be 481.370 m2/g with a VT of 0.337 cm3/g, respectively 9.02 and 2.23 times greater than raw sludge. The modification to SAC shows a dramatic increase in performance from 40% to 98.9% equilibrium adsorption rate. The maximum or equilibrium removal (99.99%) of Cr(VI) and Cd(II) was achieved by 0.8 and 1.4 g SAC dosage, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that activation of sewage sludge was effective in enhancing the surface area and pore volume which made it suitable for AMD remediation application.
“…Activated carbon is one of the most widely used adsorbents owing to its excellent adsorption properties that can remove a wide range of contaminants. However, despite the efficiency of activated carbons, their uses are limited due to their expensive nature [13,14]. In the last decades, biopolymers have attracted much attention as an eco-friendly alternative for heavy metal removal due to their low cost and high availability [15].…”
Analyzing the Cr(III) adsorption properties of bagasse lignin (LB), bagasse lignin carbon (LBF), and lignin amine (LA). Variable adsorption studies were performed, including variations in mass, contact time, and pH. The adsorption ability test was carried out first by varying the mass of the adsorbent to determine the optimum mass of each adsorbent LB, LBF, and LA for the Cr(III) adsorbate. The ability of lignin adsorbents (LB, LBF, and LA) to adsorb Cr(III) was optimum at 0.015 g adsorbent mass contact time of 90 minutes, and the adsorbate solution had a pH of 6. The adsorption capacity (Qm) value for bagasse lignin adsorbent (LB) was 8.6050 mg/g at 30°C, bagasse carbon lignin (LBF) was 9.8717 mg/g (30°C), and ammine lignin (LA) with the highest value is 9.9800 mg/g (35 °C).
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