Copper loss from the Copper T model TCu220C

Thiéry, Michel; Schmidt, Frederick H.; Tatum, Howard J.

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(82)90077-4

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The analysis indicated that the duration of effective protection given by the TCu220C is at least 10 years, as we anticipated on the basis of the results of our in vitro study [13] on the dissolution rate of Cu from the multisleeved devices. Neither that study nor the present clinical analysis confirmed the prediction made by some authors of a negative effect of the mineral deposit on the Cu surface on the efficacy of the device.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A decade of experience with the TCu220C

1985

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A decade of experience with the TCu220C has confirmed the prolonged high effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of this device. The present analysis concerns 906 interval insertions performed by three experienced operators using the retraction technique for placement of the TCu220C, and covers a total of 53,875 woman-months of experience. Gross cumulative pertinent event rates at 10 years were: pregnancy 7.5; expulsion 9.1; and removal for bleeding/pain and other medical reasons 21.9 and 9.2, respectively. Both the age and parity of the acceptor influence the long-term performance of the TCu220C.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A decade of experience with the TCu220C

1985

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“…However, the variation in thickness of the surface layer as a function of time appears to vary greatly between women (Ross et al 1978). Thiery et al (1982) investigated the relation between the extent of the calcareous surface layer (scored visually) and the rate of copper loss from the TCu 220C and found an exponential decline in the rate of copper loss as the surface deposit increased. The extent of the surface deposit increased up to 4 years iri iltero after which time it declined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of the coer‐releasing intrauterine contraceptive device and its significance

Chantler

Scott

Filho

et al. 1984

BJOG

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summary Measurements were made of the coer remaining on used Gravigard intrauterine contraceptive devices (lUCDs) that had been in utero for up to 40 months. The topography and composition of the surface deposits were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The rate of coer loss decreased exponentially from 0–42 μmol d−1 (26–7 μg d−1) upon insertion to 0‐056 μimol d−1 (3–6 μg d−1) after 26 months of use; between 27 and 40 months of use a linear release of 0–32 μimol d−1 (20–3 μg d−1) was observed. There was no correlation between this changing rate of coer loss and the pregnancy rate with the device in situ. The changes in the rate of coer loss were probably due to the growth of a surface corrosion product which, due to internal stresses, fractured after about 2 years and exposed fresh coer; this results in a progressive increase in breakage of the coer wire after 3 years. It is recommended that a coer IUCD of this type be replaced after 3 years.

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“…Alvarez et al [15] also studied the effect of pre-treatment with organic inhibitors to reduce burst release of copper ions. In order to control the burst release of copper ions we designed a safe, biodegradable coating over the copper wire for controlling the release and achieving the recommended levels of copper for contraceptive effect which is reported to be in a range of 20 to 80 µg/day [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%