Copper(I)-catalysed homo-coupling of aryldiazonium salts: synthesis of symmetrical biaryls

One-Pot Homo- and Cross-Coupling Reactions of Arenediazonium Tosylate Salts for the Synthesis of Biaryls and Polyaryls

“…Recently, a few reports on the homo-coupling of arenediazonium salts have appeared, but the scope of these reactions was limited to biaryl synthesis. 18,19 Only few reports described the use of cross-coupling reaction to generate polyphenyls.…”

Investigation of the catalytic activity of a Pd/biphenyl-based phosphine system in the Ullmann homocoupling of aryl bromides

“…One of the well-recognized mechanisms for Ullmann reaction [6,7] (Scheme 1, abbreviated as 0/2/4) involves consecutive oxidative addition steps of aryl halide on Pd(0) and Pd(II) species, respectively. The resulting Pd(IV) species is very unstable and readily undergoes reductive elimination to form Pd(II) species.…”

Manganese-catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling of aryl Grignard chlorides

“…Thus efficient aryl-aryl bond forming reactions have been the theme of many research papers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Symmetrical biaryl compounds are traditionally prepared by the Ullmann homo-coupling reaction, which involves the condensation of aryl halide molecules by a stoichiometric amount of copper at very high (>200°C) temperatures [15].…”