Copper hypersensitivity

Fage, Simon; and, Annesofie Faurschou; Thyssen, Jacob P.

doi:10.1111/cod.12273

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…While Cu is an essential trace element for human health and an electron donor/acceptor for several key enzymes by altering redox states between Cu + and Cu 2+ [45], these properties can also cause cellular damage [17]. Its use as an antiviral agent is limited by allergic dermatitis [46], hypersensitivity [47], and multiorgan dysfunction [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Pezzotti

Ohgitani

Shin‐Ya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionViral disease spread by contaminated commonly touched surfaces is a global concern. Silicon nitride, an industrial ceramic that is also used as an implant in spine surgery, has known antibacterial activity. The mechanism of antibacterial action relates to the hydrolytic release of surface disinfectants. It is hypothesized that silicon nitride can also inactivate the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.Methods SARS-CoV-2 virions were exposed to 15 wt.% aqueous suspensions of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and copper particles. The virus was titrated by the TCD50 method using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, while viral RNA was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Immunostaining and Raman spectroscopy were used as additional probes to investigate the cellular responses to virions exposed to the respective materials. ResultsAll three tested materials showed >99% viral inactivation at one and ten minutes of exposure. Degradation of viral RNA was also observed with all materials. Immunofluorescence testing showed that silicon nitride-treated virus failed to infect VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells without damaging them. In contrast, the copper-treated virus suspension severely damaged the cells due to copper ion toxicity. Raman spectroscopy indicated differential biochemical cellular changes due to infection and metal toxicity for two of the three materials tested. ConclusionsSilicon nitride successfully inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 in this study. The mechanism of action was the hydrolysis-mediated surface release of nitrogen-containing disinfectants. Both aluminum nitride and copper were also effective in the inactivation of the virus. However, while the former compound affected the cells, the latter compound had a cytopathic effect. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate whether silicon nitride can be incorporated into personal protective equipment and commonly touched surfaces, as a strategy to discourage viral persistence and disease spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Pezzotti

Ohgitani

Shin‐Ya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…However, data on dermal irritation by copper and its compounds are scant and the role of copper as an irritant/sensitizer remains controversial3. A recent review on copper hypersensitivity concluded that copper is a weak sensitizer as compared with other metallic compounds14. However, with the prevalence of skin permeation enhancement methods (such as microneedles and laser) used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry15, copper compounds may pose a higher risk to cause skin irritation, which necessitates a thorough skin toxicity testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Biomarkers Revealed Potential Skin Toxicity Caused by Certain Copper Compounds

Toh

Tan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Copper is an essential mineral and plays important roles in skin growth and activity. Copper delivery through skin can provide beneficial effects but its potential to induce skin irritation reactions is often overlooked. Data on dermal toxicity caused by copper compounds is scant. Some recognized in vitro skin toxicity methods are unsuitable for all metal compounds. Here, we employ a keratinocyte-based model and evaluated the skin irritation potential of copper compounds at cellular, genomic and proteomic levels. We determined cell viability and cytotoxicity by using tetrazolium reduction assay and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, performed real-time PCR and protein quantification to assess the expression of biomarkers after treating cells with copper peptide (GHK-Cu), copper chloride (CuCl2) and copper acetate (Cu(OAc)2). These copper compounds exhibited different irritancy potentials at the same treatment concentrations. GHK-Cu was not cytotoxic and did not induce any significant change in the expression levels of various skin irritation-related biomarkers. IL-1α and IL-8, HSPA1A and FOSL1 were significantly upregulated following 24-h treatment with CuCl2 and Cu(OAc)2 at 58 and 580 μM without concomitant inhibition in cell viability. GHK-Cu has a low potential of inducing skin irritation and therefore provides a safer alternative for the delivery of copper through skin.

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“…Cometa et al have shown that this activity is retained upon entrapment of the particles in a hydrogel [17], and similarly with conventional polymers [18]. The effective encapsulation of the copper may, furthermore, diminish possible dermatological problems arising through copper hypersensitivity [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disastrous performance of NanoCote/Aqua Based antimicrobial paint in a hospital setting

Ramsden¹,

Reid²,

Whatley³

et al. 2016

JBPC

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Attempts are being made to incorporate copper into clear varnish in order to coat environmental surfaces in hospitals with the long-term goal of reducing healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The performance of a nanocopper-containing polyacrylic emulsion, NanoCote HD-WR, on bedrails, footboards, control panels, tables and lockers was evaluated. The paint was applied in four coats using conventional spraying technology according to the manufacturer's instructions to give a total thickness of c. 30 µm. After overnight curing the "clear" coat appeared rough, with uneven mottling, and remained clearly visible on all surfaces to which it had been applied. The coating demonstrated an unpleasant rubbery feel, engendering complaints from patients. Even the merest contact with water, such as light touching with a damp cloth, caused immediate blanching of the coating and the surface became extremely slippery. Contact with a lightly soiled cloth caused irreversible discoloration of the coating. The physical properties of this coating render it unacceptable for application in hospitals.

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Copper hypersensitivity

Cited by 54 publications

References 84 publications

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Selected Biomarkers Revealed Potential Skin Toxicity Caused by Certain Copper Compounds

Disastrous performance of NanoCote/Aqua Based antimicrobial paint in a hospital setting

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