Copper deficiency in long-term parenteral nutrition

Copper Deficiency in Infancy

“…Serum ferritin levels were measured in only three patients; results were normal in each case. Bone marrow aspiration was carried out in 21 patients; four of these had sideroblasts [17,22,24,30], and one [16] was recorded as having no stainable iron.…”

“…A high reticulocyte count implies a haemolytic process, the most likely cause of which is deficiency of superoxide dismutase, which results in inadequate protection of the red cell from oxidative damage. Secondly, copper may itself have been the limiting factor in haem synthesis [l0]; in several cases [16,25] there was a brisk reticulocyte response to copper therapy. However, in many of the reported patients with copper deficiency, other deficiencies were also present.…”

“…Of 30 patients in whom initial values were recorded, thirteen had neutrophil counts greater than 2.0 x 109/liter, eight had counts between 1.0 and 1.9 x 109/liter and nine had counts below 1.0 x 109/liter. In several patients [13,14,16] the neutrophil count varied widely during the period when the infant was thought to be copper-deficient. In one study by Cordano et at.. [52], a correlation was found between the degree of neutropenia and serum copper levels in a group of marasmic children.…”

Cocoa Supplementation for Copper Deficiency Associated with Tube Feeding Nutrition

“…In 1972, Karpel and Peden reported the first case of anemia and neutropenia due to copper deficiency in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (2). In addition, recent sporadic case reports showed that patients receiving tube feeding as enteral nutrition can develop copper deficiency.…”

Fracture of the femur, fish odour, and copper deficiency in a preterm infant.

“…We suspect the infrequency of blood and x-ray investigations in preterm infants after 3 2 months, and that copper absorption is determined not only by copper content but also by formula composition; for example the quantity of zinc will influence the rate of copper absorption. This is the first report of copper deficiency with fish odour.…”