Cocoa Supplementation for Copper Deficiency Associated with Tube Feeding Nutrition

Abstract

Objective Because of an increasing number of case reports of copper deficiency associated with long-term tube feeding nutrition in Japan, we identified patients with copper deficiency associated with long-term tube feeding and described the prevalence, clinical data and cocoa treatment for these patients. Materials and Methods

Peptidylgycine α‐amidating monooxygenase and copper: A gene–nutrient interaction critical to nervous system function

“…The median intake of dietary copper reported in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Survey and Continuing Survey of Food Intakes ranged from 1,200 and 1,600 μg copper per day, with upper levels of 8,000 and 10,000 μg copper per day (Scientific Committee on Food and European Commission on Health and Consumer Protection Directorate, 2003). Malabsorption following bariatric surgery and prolonged intravenous feeding or parenteral nutrition can cause copper deficiency (Tokuda et al, 2006; von Drygalski and Andris, 2009). Copper deficiency due to overuse of denture creams containing zinc may cause permanent neuropathies and may be more widespread than previously believed (Associated Press, 2009; Sanders, 2009).…”

Copper-deficiency anemia after esophagectomy: A pitfall of postoperative enteral nutrition through jejunostomy

“…Copper-deficiency anemia has already been reported to occur in patients receiving enteral nutrition in long-term care hospitals 9 . However, to the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case to be reported of copper deficiency after esophagectomy despite administration of standard enteral nutrition through the jejunostomy for several months.…”

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case to be reported of copper deficiency after esophagectomy despite administration of standard enteral nutrition through the jejunostomy for several months. The standard nutrient solution has been noted to lack the requisite amount of copper, 9 so most of the formulae for current nutrient solutions have been improved to meet this requirements. The recommended daily allowance of copper by the US National Academy of Sciences is 900 μg per day for adult men and women 10 .…”

“…This source was selected based on the ease of obtainment and administration compared with other copper-rich foods such as crustaceans, organ meats, and beans. If this method had not worked well, we would have considered the following three methods: (1) increasing the level of copper supplementation up to 40 g/day, as described by Tokuda et al 9 ; (2) extracting the jejunostomy tube slightly so that the end of the tube could be placed in the stomach; or (3) intravenous administration of copper.…”

Preventive Effects of a Cocoa‐Enriched Diet on Gingival Oxidative Stress in Experimental Periodontitis

“…Animals with copper deficiency exhibit consistent reductions in immunoreactive Sod and robust enhancements in Ccs, 36 and cocoa supplementation appears to be an effective treatment for patients with copper deficiency. 37 The improvement of copper deficiency by cocoa consumption may decrease gingival oxidative stress in the present model.…”