Copolymers as Flow Improvers for Mexican Crude Oils

Castro, Laura V.; Vázquez, F.

doi:10.1021/ef800448a

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…[4][5][6] Currently, the most common and successful method is thermal technologies in the world, which include steam ooding, high temperature oxidation, steam assisted gravity drainage, etc. [7][8][9] However, reservoirs in Northwest China are deeply buried and geological environment is complex. Deep wells will cause energy loss and low productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil

et al. 2017

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The four components of extra-heavy oil (saturates, aromatic, resins, asphaltene) were analyzed by chemical separation. The terpolymers with different contents of styrene (S), alkyl chain (MM/DM), and vinyl acetate (V) were designed, synthesized and employed as the viscosity reducers for super heavy oil. Thus, structure and average molecular weight of the oil-soluble terpolymers were measured by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. Comparing with the apparent viscosity of heavy oil in a wide range of shear rates (0.1-200 s À1 ) and temperatures (25-75 C), it can be seen that optimal efficiency could be achieved to reduce viscosity when the terpolymer has a high percentage of long-chain alkyl. Furthermore, the molar ratio between long-chain alkyl groups and aromatic ring as well as molecular weight of terpolymers play a fundamental role in viscosity reduction of super heavy oil. Fig. 9 Temperature effect on the apparent viscosity of the heavy crude oil containing 1 wt% of terpolymer solution.This journal is

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil

et al. 2017

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“…This kind of PPD is still widely used in lubricants. To date, a large number of crude oil PPDs have been reported [4,5], which are divided into the following categories: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and its derivatives, long chain alkyl acrylate polymer and its derivatives, styrenemaleic anhydride-long chain alkyl acrylate copolymer and its derivatives, and long chain alkyl acrylate-maleic anhydridevinyl acetate copolymer and its derivatives. These PPDs are very effective at depressing the viscosity and pour point of crude oil, and play an important role in the pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

et al. 2011

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The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad. In this paper, a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil. The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD, and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD. Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil. Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals, prevented their aggregation, and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize. The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe, efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.

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“…PTDMMA polymerized with TDMA and MMA at a molar ratio of 7 : 3 displayed the best low-temperature properties among all of the ones tested. The pour point of the base oil containing this polymer was À40 C, which meant that it decreased the pour point of the base oil by as much as 21 C. The addition of each of the terpolymers also decreased the pour points of the base oil. When the overall performance of the copolymers were compared with those of the terpolymers, the terpolymers were shown to display better low-temperature properties than the copolymers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis of methacrylate copolymers and their effects as pour point depressants for lubricant oil

Jung

Chun

Lee

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, polymethacrylate polymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization for use as pour point depressants in lubricant oil, and their low-temperature properties were investigated. Four methacrylate monomers were synthesized by the esterification of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with four kinds of fatty alcohols. The purification step was performed to prepare the pure monomers. Two polymerization experiments were carried out with four kinds of methacrylate monomers obtained previously and MMA. Copolymers, which were made from one kind of monomer and MMA, and terpolymers, which were made from two kinds of monomers and MMA, were prepared. The molecular structures of the synthesized methacrylate monomers and polymethacrylate polymers were verified by 1 H-NMR, and the molecular weight data were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The pour points of the base oils containing 0.1 wt % polymethacrylate polymers were measured according to ASTM D 97-93. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. Particularly, poly(dodecyl methacrylate-co-hexadecyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), made of dodecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, and MMA at a molar ratio of 3.5 : 3.5 : 3, showed the best low-temperature properties. This terpolymer dropped the pour point of the base oil by as much as 23 C, and its yield was 93.5%.

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Copolymers as Flow Improvers for Mexican Crude Oils

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil

Novel terpolymers as viscosity reducing agent for Tahe super heavy oil

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

Synthesis of methacrylate copolymers and their effects as pour point depressants for lubricant oil

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