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We investigated the thermal stability of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCP, C 10 H 16 ) in the absence and presence of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), which acts as a hydrogen donor (H-donor). It was found that conversion of exo-THDCP was faster at the higher temperature. The increase in the rate of

The genomic and metabolic features of Leuconostoc (Leu) mesenteroides were investigated through pan-genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Relatedness analysis of 17 Leu. mesenteroides strains available in GenBank based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, average nucleotide identity, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, molecular phenotype, and core-genome indicated that Leu. mesenteroides has been separated into different phylogenetic lineages. Pan-genome of Leu. mesenteroides strains, consisting of 999 genes in core-genome, 1,432 genes in accessory-genome, and 754 genes in unique genome, and their COG and KEGG analyses showed that Leu. mesenteroides harbors strain-specifically diverse metabolisms, probably representing high evolutionary genome changes. The reconstruction of fermentative metabolic pathways for Leu. mesenteroides strains showed that Leu. mesenteroides produces various metabolites such as lactate, ethanol, acetate, CO2, mannitol, diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol through an obligate heterolactic fermentation from various carbohydrates. Fermentative metabolic features of Leu. mesenteroides during kimchi fermentation were investigated through transcriptional analyses for the KEGG pathways and reconstructed metabolic pathways of Leu. mesenteroides using kimchi metatranscriptomic data. This was the first study to investigate the genomic and metabolic features of Leu. mesenteroides through pan-genomic and metatranscriptomic analyses, and may provide insights into its genomic and metabolic features and a better understanding of kimchi fermentations by Leu. mesenteroides.

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This study was performed to investigate the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids made of several alumina nanoparticles and transformer oil which flow through a double pipe heat exchanger system in the laminar flow regime. The nanofluids exhibited a considerable increase of heat transfer coefficients. Although the thermal conductivity of alumina is not high, it is much higher than that of the base fluids. The nanofluids tested displayed good thermal properties. One of the possible reasons for the enhancement on heat transfer of nanofluids can be explained by the high concentration of nanoparticles in the thermal boundary layer at the wall side through the migration of nanoparticles. To understand the enhancement of heat transfer of nanofluid, an experimental correlation was proposed for an alumina-transformer oil nanofluid system.

Thermal stability and the primary initiation mechanism of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCP, C10H16) were investigated in a batch-type reactor. The catalytic role of the stainless steel inside the reactor was eliminated by inserting a quartz flask. exo-THDCP decomposed at temperatures over 623 K and 1-cyclopentylcyclopentene (1-CPCP, C10H16) and 4-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-indene (4-MHI, C10H16) were the primary decomposition products of exo-THDCP. C10 hydrocarbons were determined to be the major products. The amount of C5−C7 hydrocarbons, such as cyclopentene, benzene, and toluene, were relatively small. We performed the molecular modeling (MM) on some of the compounds, including 1-CPCP and 4-MHI produced from exo-THDCP to evaluate the activation energy and molecular structure of the intermediates. The experimental and MM results showed that 1-CPCP and 4-MHI were independently formed from exo-THDCP. The experimental results closely corresponded with the MM result; the products that were only minimally produced after the reaction had qualitatively higher activation energies than the other products.

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