Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security

Brauch, Hans Günter; Spring, Úrsula Oswald; Mesjasz, Czesław; Grin, John; Kameri–Mbote, Patricia; Chourou, Béchir; Dunay, Pàl; Birkmann, Jörn

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17776-7

Cited by 100 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Land use requirements are becoming more and more complex, and demand for rational land use is increasing (Verheye, 2009). In the meantime, more and more environmental conflicts and risks are emerging (Brauch et al, 2011). These driving forces make spatial and land management planning more and more important, which are expected to result in increasingly reliable plans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compilation of a national soil-type map for Hungary by sequential classification methods

et al. 2018

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Traditionally in Hungary the soil cover under agricultural and forestry management is typically characterized independently and just approximately identically. Soil data collection is carried out and the databases of soil features are managed irrespectively. As a consequence, nationwide soil maps cannot be considered homogeneously predictive for soils of croplands and forests, plains and hilly/mountainous regions. In order to compile a national soil type map with harmonized legend as well as with spatially relatively homogeneous predictive power and accuracy, the authors unified their resources. Soil profile data originating from the two sources (agriculture and forestry) were cleaned up and harmonized according to a common soil type classification. Various methods were tested for the compilation of the target map: segmentation of a synthesized image consisting of the predictor variables, multi stage classification by Classification and Regression Trees, Random Forests and Artificial Neural Networks. Evaluation of the results showed that the object based, multi-level mapping approach performs significantly better than the simple classification techniques. A combination of best performing classifiers, when each classifier's vote on the same object is weighted according to its confidence in the voted class, led to the final product: a unified, national, soil type map with spatially consistent predictive capabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compilation of a national soil-type map for Hungary by sequential classification methods

et al. 2018

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“…The assessment record of the climate change impacts on rainfed maize crop, both at national and regional levels in Mexico, has been extensive (Conde, 2011;Conde et al, 1997Conde et al, , 2000Conde-Á lvarez et al, 2016;Granados and Sarabia, 2013;Monterroso-Rivas et al, 2011. This has served as the basis for new assessment approaches regarding new climate scenarios, spatial or multi-criteria methods, more detailed geographical and temporal resolutions, and accessible climatological databases, with strict quality control and with more consistent spatial interpolation techniques (Ceballos-Silva and López-Blanco, 2003;Corbett, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land suitability levels for rainfed maize under current conditions and climate change projections in Mexico

López‐Blanco¹,

Pérez-Damián

Conde-Álvarez

et al. 2018

Outlook Agric

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An assessment of land suitability classes for rainfed maize (spring–summer agricultural cycle) with current climate conditions (1950–2000) and projected climate change scenarios was carried out for Mexico. The method considered the most restrictive factors or agroclimatic requirements from different variables needed by rainfed maize. These factors were analyzed spatially in a geographic information systems (GIS) context, resulting in areas classified into four suitability levels: high, medium, low, and not suitable for maize. We considered two general circulation models (GCM): HADGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-LR; one radiative forcing concentration representative concentration pathways (RCP) 8.5 Wm−2 and the far period (2075–2099). Results at a national-level analysis showed that under actual conditions, 57.5% of the area of Mexico presents some level of suitability for rainfed maize. The high suitability class is 11.4% of the country, while 20.7% and 25.3% had medium and low suitability levels, respectively. Other results showed that with the HADGEM2-ES and MPI-ESM-LR projections of climate change models, 50.4% and 46.7%, of Mexico’s continental area, respectively, present some level of suitability for the rainfed maize crop. In the first case, with respect to the present climate conditions, the HADGEM2-ES model presented an area decrease of −2.4% and the MPI-ESM-LR model of −5.5% in the high suitability level for the rainfed maize crop. Results at a state-level analysis showed there are five states (Jalisco, Campeche, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Michoacán) in the interval of more than 50,000 km2 of surface with high and medium suitability levels, with a maximum extent change between the present to the projected climate conditions of −46% for the HADGEM2-ES and −57% for the MPI-ESM-LR. In general, the MPI-ESM-LR model showed the most adverse projected conditions for rainfed maize growth.

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“…""exposure to risks and an inability to avoid or absorb potential harm," physical vulnerability as that "in the built environment," social vulnerability as that "experienced by people and their social, economic and political systems," and human vulnerability as the combination of "physical and social vulnerability"." (Brauch H. G., 2011) These two definitions agree that vulnerabilities are humans' inability to avoid things that could possibly harm them in the future. Nevertheless, Pelling presents a comprehensive point by classifying physical vulnerabilities, social vulnerabilities, and human vulnerabilities, where human vulnerabilities will be the focus of this study.…”

Section: Analytical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Threat and Economic Vulnerability: A Case Study on the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alamsyah¹,

Alfian²,

Darussalam³

2021

JPI

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This paper frames the approach to determining policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which either prioritise human health security protection or economic vulnerability. In this paper, the human security concept will be used to explain COVID-19 as a health security problem due to the existence of an existential threat. However, the same approach is not applicable in looking at COVID-19 as an economic security problem. Because the existential threat is less visible in human economic security aspects, it tends to be more appropriate to look at COVID-19 as the stressor that strengthens human vulnerabilities. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using the conceptual framework to analyse news, reports, books, and academic journals as the sources of data. The writers analyse and group the data by types of security, as well as based upon the root causes that contribute to human vulnerability, then compare both sectors. This paper argues that in the pandemic situation, human health is threatened, whereas the economy is at a vulnerable position due to COVID-19. This paper also argues that COVID-19 has not yet threatened human economic security in the early stage, but soon, it will. As a result, stakeholders need to prioritise policies based on the human health security approach.

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Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Compilation of a national soil-type map for Hungary by sequential classification methods

Compilation of a national soil-type map for Hungary by sequential classification methods

Land suitability levels for rainfed maize under current conditions and climate change projections in Mexico

Human Health Threat and Economic Vulnerability: A Case Study on the COVID-19 Pandemic

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