Coping with congestion: responses to urban traffic problems in British cities c.1920–1960

Pooley, Colin G.; Turnbull, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.jhg.2003.08.019

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Low emission zones (in combination with retrofit initiatives), traffic planning, and measures aiming at a shift of motor vehicle mileage, are all examples of important management elements to reduce air pollutant concentrations. The response to date in many European cities has been to rely on the development of integrated transport systems, the introduction of road pricing and workplace parking charges, or the revitalization of bus services (Pooley and Turnbull, 2005). However, nowadays there is recognition that other measures to restraint traffic levels are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of land use on urban mobility patterns, emissions and air quality in a Portuguese medium-sized city

Bandeira

Coelho

Sá

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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The main objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of urban development trends in mobility patterns of a medium sized Portuguese city and air quality consequences, using a sequential modeling process, comprising i) land use and transportation, TRANUS model; ii) road traffic air pollutants emissions, TREM model and; iii) air quality, TAPM model. This integrated methodology was applied to a medium sized Portuguese city. In order to evaluate the implementation of the methodology, a preliminary study was performed, which consisted on the comparison of modeled mobility patterns and CO and PM 10 concentrations with measured data used in the definition of the current scenario. The comparison between modeled and monitored mobility patterns at the morning peak hour for a weekday showed an RMSE of 31%. Regarding CO concentrations, an underestimation of the modeled results was observed. Nevertheless, the modeled PM 10 concentrations were consistent with the monitored data. Overall, the results showed a reasonable consistency of the modeled data, which allowed the use of the integrated modeling system for the study scenarios. The future scenarios consisted on the definition of different mobility patterns and vehicle technology characteristics, according to two main developing trends: (1) "car pooling" scenario, which imposes a mean occupancy rate of 3 passengers by vehicle and (2) the "Euro 6" scenario, which establishes that all vehicles accomplish at least the Euro 6 standard technology. Reductions of 54% and 83% for CO, 44% and 95% for PM 10 , 44% and 87% for VOC and 44% and 79% for NO x emissions were observed in scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Concerning air quality, a reduction of about 100 μg m −3 of CO annual average concentration was observed in both scenarios. The results of PM 10 annual concentrations showed a reduction of 1.35 μg m −3 and 2.7 μg m −3 for scenarios 1 and 2 respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of land use on urban mobility patterns, emissions and air quality in a Portuguese medium-sized city

Bandeira

Coelho

Sá

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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“…First, through the physical and social reconstruction of city streets which shifted from being a space more or less "shared" by different modes and activities to one that is "dominated" by cars (used primarily as thoroughfares for motorized vehicles) (Norton 2008). This has resulted in restrictions and immobilizations for other modes which were put at a disadvantage versus the car and contributing to conditions that created the need for car ownership and use (Ishaque and Noland 2006;Pooley and Turnbull 2005;Mees 2010;Pooley et al 2010; Oldenziel and de la Bruh eze 2011; Cox 2012; Buliung, Shimi, and Mitra 2015). Second, huge amounts of public funds have gone into road-network expansion which has tended to fuel a self-reinforcing cycle of increased supply, "induced demand," and calls for more road construction (e.g., to ease congestion) (Goodwin 1996;Dudley and Richardson 2004).…”

Section: A Short Story Of Escalation: the Case Of Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding (and tackling) need satisfier escalation

Brand-Correa

Mattioli

Lamb

et al. 2020

Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy

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Contemporary consumption patterns, embedded in profit-maximizing economic systems, are driving a worsening socio-ecological crisis, in particular through the escalating production and consumption of goods with high material and/or energy intensity. Establishing minimum and maximum standards of consumption (or "consumption corridors") has been suggested as a way to address this crisis. Consumption corridors provide the normative basis for sustainable consumption, that is, enough consumption for individuals to satisfy needs, but not too much to collectively surpass environmental limits. Current consumption patterns (especially in the global North) do not yet fall within consumption corridors, and standards are not fixed over time. Consumption is socially constructed and can escalate due to socioeconomic, technological, or infrastructural influences. In this article, we propose a framework to understand such escalating trends. This approach can be used as a tool for comprehending how consumption evolves over time, as well as for identifying the most effective leverage points to intervene and prevent escalation from happening in the first place. We build on theories of human-need satisfaction and combine these conceptual understandings with insights from research on socio-technical provisioning systems, sociological approaches to consumption, and perspectives on infrastructure lock-in. We illustrate our framework by systemically considering escalation for a specific technological productthe private car.

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“… Extension of the Low Emission Zone (called Area C) to Euro 0 petrol vehicles and Euro 0-4 diesel vehicles with or without Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). (3)  Paid parking throughout Milan.…”

Section: B1 -Lezmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing urbanization and rapid growth of cities, transport demand is rising over time and impacts on different aspects of urban systems. First of all, time needed for the trip is progressively increasing even for short distances, due to rising traffic densities [1]- [3]. Secondly, the transport sector is energy-intensive with oil as the dominant fuel source and road transport accounting for 81% of total energy use by the sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency Solutions for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Case Study of the Milan Metropolitan Area

Businge

Viani

Pepe

et al. 2018

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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In the near future cities will have to supply innovative and high value-added mobility services with respect for environmental, traffic and energy sustainability. It is a great challenge since transportation represents over 20% of the global energy consumption, 40% of which is in urban areas. In this context RSE has developed the project STORM (Strategies TOwaRds a sustainable Mobility) which aims to study smart and sustainable solutions and policies in urban mobility planning in order to supply passengers and goods mobility, with respect to economic, energy-efficiency and environmental targets. This paper investigates the impact and benefits of different mobility solutions and policies by applying a multimodal transport model. The Milan area is used as test case for two main reasons: first, its high population density and strong transport offer and second, the large amount of information and data available on passengers' mobility within this area. By assuming that the mobility demand is a constant, 8 mobility scenarios have been tested on the Milan area, which can be classified into two main groups: 4 measures to strengthen the public transport offer; 4 measures to restrict and discourage the use of private vehicles or introduce a relevant share of electric vehicles. Finally, three combinations of these scenarios were made in order to evaluate the impact of a deep and broad transformation of the current mobility trends. For each scenario a cost/benefit analysis was made in terms of energy efficiency, traffic reduction and environmental impact in order to draw up a ranking of the most advantageous and promising measures for urban mobility.

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Coping with congestion: responses to urban traffic problems in British cities c.1920–1960

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Impact of land use on urban mobility patterns, emissions and air quality in a Portuguese medium-sized city

Impact of land use on urban mobility patterns, emissions and air quality in a Portuguese medium-sized city

Understanding (and tackling) need satisfier escalation

Energy Efficiency Solutions for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Case Study of the Milan Metropolitan Area

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