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A good life for all within planetary boundaries. Nature Sustainability, 88 (95).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0021-4 © 2018, Author(s). This is an author produced version of a paper published in Nature Sustainability. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Humanity faces the challenge of how to achieve a high quality of life for over seven billion people without destabilising critical planetary processes. Using indicators designed to measure a "safe and just" development space, we quantify the resource use associated with meeting basic human needs, and compare this to downscaled planetary boundaries for close to 150 nations. We find no country meets basic needs for its citizens at a globally sustainable level of resource use. Physical needs such as nutrition, sanitation, access to electricity, and the elimination of extreme poverty could likely be met for all people without transgressing planetary boundaries. However, the universal achievement of more qualitative goals (e.g. high life satisfaction) would require a level of resource use that is 2-6 times the sustainable level, based on current relationships. Strategies to improve physical and social provisioning systems, with a focus on sufficiency and equity, have the potential to move nations towards sustainability, but the challenge remains substantial. A good life for all within planetary boundariesThis article addresses a key question in sustainability science: What level of biophysical resource use is associated with meeting people's basic needs, and can this level of resource use be extended to all people without exceeding critical planetary boundaries? To answer this question, we analyse the relationships between seven indicators of national environmental pressure (relative to biophysical boundaries) and eleven indicators of social outcomes (relative to sufficiency thresholds) for close to 150 countries. Our study represents the first attempt to measure national performance using a "safe and just space" framework 1,2 for a large number of countries, and provides important findings on the relationships between resource use and human well-being. A Safe and Just SpaceThere have been two recent, complementary advances in defining biophysical processes, pressures, and boundaries at the planetary scale. The first is th...

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We assess the literature on innovation and upscaling for negative emissions technologies (NETs) using a systematic and reproducible literature coding procedure. To structure our review, we employ the framework of sequential stages in the innovation process, with which we code each NETs article in innovation space. We find that while there is a growing body of innovation literature on NETs, 59% of the articles are focused on the earliest stages of the innovation process, 'research and development' (R&D). The subsequent stages of innovation are also represented in the literature, but at much lower levels of activity than R&D. Distinguishing between innovation stages that are related to the supply of the technology (R&D, demonstrations, scale up) and demand for the technology (demand pull, niche markets, public acceptance), we find an overwhelming emphasis (83%) on the supply side. BECCS articles have an above average share of demand-side articles while direct air carbon capture and storage has a very low share. Innovation in NETs has much to learn from successfully diffused technologies; appealing to heterogeneous users, managing policy risk, as well as understanding and addressing public concerns are all crucial yet not well represented in the extant literature. Results from integrated assessment models show that while NETs play a key role in the second half of the 21st century for 1.5 • C and 2 • C scenarios, the major period of new NETs deployment is between 2030 and 2050. Given that the broader innovation literature consistently finds long time periods involved in scaling up and deploying novel technologies, there is an urgency to developing NETs that is largely unappreciated. This challenge is exacerbated by the thousands to millions of actors that potentially need to adopt these technologies for them to achieve planetary scale. This urgency is reflected neither in the Paris Agreement nor in most of the literature we review here. If NETs are to be deployed at the levels required to meet 1.5 • C and 2 • C targets, then important post-R&D issues will need to be addressed in the literature, including incentives for early deployment, niche markets, scale-up, demand, and-particularly if deployment is to be hastened-public acceptance. Chen C and Tavoni M 2013 Direct air capture of CO 2 and climate stabilization: a model based assessment Clim. Change 118 59-72 Cheng N, Fürth M, Johnson M C, Tay Z Y, Shenoi R A and Wilson P A 2013 Engaging the community with a 'green town' concept Energy Procedia 37 7337-45 Choi S, Drese J H, Eisenberger P M and Jones C W 2011 Application of amine-tethered solid sorbents for direct CO 2 capture from the ambient air Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 2420-7 Coffman D M and Lockley A 2017 Carbon dioxide removal and the futures market Environ. Res. Lett. 12 015003 Cohen L R and Noll R G 1991 The Technology Pork Barrel (Washington: Brookings) Cohen W M, Goto A, Nagata A, Nelson R R and Walsh J R 2002 R&D spillovers, patents and the incentives to innovate in Japan and the United States Res. Policy ...