Coping styles in individuals with hypertension of varying severity

Casagrande, Maria; Boncompagni, Ilaria; Mingarelli, Alessandro; Favieri, Francesca; Forte, Giuseppe; Germano, Ricardo de Melo; Germanò, Giuseppe; Guarino, Angela

doi:10.1002/smi.2889

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although some psychological characteristics are linked to medical conditions [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], psychological consequences of at-risk people are often overlooked during an epidemic emergency as reported for SARS and H1N1 [ 29 , 30 , 33 ]. Once again, the importance of not disregarding mental health and intervening during and after the pandemic emergency in the most affected psychological dimensions appear relevant in a long-term perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population

Forte

Favieri

Tambelli

et al. 2020

JCM

Self Cite

148

155

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Background: Starting from the first months of 2020, worldwide population has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Many nations, including Italy, took extreme actions to reduce the diffusion of the virus, profoundly changing lifestyles. The Italians have been faced with both the fear of contracting the infection and the consequences of enforcing social distancing. This study was aimed to understand the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the psychopathological outcomes related to the first phase of this emergency. Methods: The study included 2291 respondents. An online survey collected information on socio-demographic variables, history of direct or indirect contact with COVID-19, and additional information concerning the COVID-19 emergency. Moreover, psychopathological symptoms such as anxiety, mood alterations and post-traumatic symptomatology were assessed. Results: The results revealed that respectively 31.38%, 37.19% and 27.72% of respondents reported levels of general psychopathological symptomatology, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms over the cut-off scores. Furthermore, a significant worsening of mood has emerged. Being a female or under the age of 50 years, having had direct contact with people infected by the COVID-19, and experiencing uncertainty about the risk of contagion represent risk factors for psychological distress. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic appear to impact not only on physical health but also on psychological well-being. Although these results need to be considered with caution being based on self-reported data collected at the beginning of this emergency, they should be used as a starting point for further studies aimed to develop interventions to minimize both the brief and long-term psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enemy Which Sealed the World: Effects of COVID-19 Diffusion on the Psychological State of the Italian Population

Forte

Favieri

Tambelli

et al. 2020

JCM

Self Cite

148

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some psychopathological symptoms can also mediate the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive functioning. Hypertensive patients often present depression, alexithymia [110], inadequate strategies to cope with stress [111] and poorer health-related quality of life. These psychological conditions could depend on the recognition that they have "a problem" that needs treatment for all of their life [112].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Blood Pressure on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review

Forte

Pascalis

Favieri

et al. 2019

JCM

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Background: High blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. However, this relationship is unclear. This study aims to systematically review the effects of blood pressure on executive functioning, language, memory, attention and processing speed. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using the PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE databases. Restrictions were made by selecting studies, which included one or more cognitive measures and reported blood pressure recordings. Studies that included participants with medical conditions or people diagnosed with dementia, psychiatric disorders, stroke and head trauma were excluded. The review allows selecting fifty studies that included 107,405 participants. The results were reported considering different cognitive domains separately: global cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functions, memory and visuospatial abilities. Results: Higher blood pressure appears to influence cognitive performance in different domains in the absence of dementia and severe cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes. This relationship seems to be independent of demographic factors (gender and education), medical co-morbidity (diabetes), and psychiatric disorders (depression). Furthermore, it presents different patterns considering ageing. In the elderly, a sort of "cardiovascular paradox" is highlighted, which allows considering higher blood pressure as a protective factor for cognitive functioning. Conclusions: The results underline that higher blood pressure is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in people without dementia or stroke. These findings highlight the need to introduce early management of blood pressure, even in the absence of clinical hypertension, to prevent the risk of a decline of cognitive functioning typically associated with ageing. into dementia. Given the progressive ageing of the world population, the challenge of modern science is highlighted the factors associated with the evolution of cognitive impairment.Cognitive impairment appears to be amplified by several factors as the habit of smoking cigarettes [13,14], chronic use of alcohol [15], poor eating habits and obesity [16,17], inadequate exercise [18], chronic stress [19] or by some pathologies such as diabetes mellitus [20] or depression [21]. Moreover, the risk of cognitive impairment appears to increase in the presence of cardiovascular disorders, such as high blood pressure, cardiomyopathies, arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarcts and strokes [22]. Many studies have shown an association between vascular ageing indices, such as stiffness of the arteries and dysfunction of small vessels and cognitive decline [23]. The exposure to high blood pressure would damage the cerebral microcirculation, causing cognitive impairments [23].The mechanisms that can explain the relationship between high blood pressure and cognitive impairment are not wholly known. Some studies have shown associations be...

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“…The relationship between the occurrence of adverse effects and poor illness acceptance observed in women may be the result of an emotion-focused stress coping strategy seen in patients with AH, which may also translate into selective use of medications, and as a result poorer compliance with medical advice [12,13]. The literature includes no data on differences between the sexes in terms of how patients with hypertension cope with stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%