Coordinating optimisation of F-EMS and soft reduction during bloom continuous casting process for special steel

Sun, Haibo; Li, Liejun; Wang, Jinghui; Xiao-wen, Cheng; Zhou, Fenglei

doi:10.1080/03019233.2017.1323394

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Moreover, the stress applied during the secondary cooling process causes a slight deformation of the casting, causing tensile stress on the surface of the casting and resulting in cracks. To control the initiation and propagation of cracks during casting, numerous researchers have optimized continuous casting process parameters, including superheating [18], casting speed [19,20], electromagnetic stirring [21,22], soft reduction [23,24], and coordinated control technology involving electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction [25]. Electromagnetic stirring has a significant impact on solidification segregation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbides on Thermos-Plastic and Crack Initiation and Expansion of High-Carbon Chromium-Bearing Steel Castings

Feng,

Zeng,

et al. 2024

Metals

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The bearing steel’s high-temperature brittle zone (1250 °C–1100 °C), second brittle zone (1100 °C–950 °C), and low-temperature brittle zone (800 °C–600 °C) were determined by the reduction in area and true fracture toughness. The crack sensitivity was strongest at temperatures of 1200 °C, 1000 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. Various experimental and computational methods were used to establish the phase type, microstructure, size, and mechanical properties of carbides in bearing steel. The critical conditions for crack initiation in the matrix (FCC-Fe, FCC-Fe, and BCC-Fe)/carbides (striped Fe0.875Cr0.125C, netted Fe2.36Cr0.64C, and spherical Fe5.25Cr1.75C3) were also investigated. The values for the high-temperature brittle zone, the second brittle zone, and the low-temperature brittle zone were 13.85 MPa and 8.21 × 10−3, 4.64 MPa and 6.52 × 10−3, and 17.86 MPa and 1.86 × 10−2, respectively. These were calculated using Eshelby’s theory and ABAQUS 2021 version software. The ability of the three carbides to cause crack propagation was measured quantitatively by energy diffusion: M3C > MC > M7C3. This study analyzed the mechanism of carbide precipitation on the formation of high-temperature cracks in bearing steel casting. It also provided the critical conditions for carbide/matrix interface cracks in bearing steel continuous casting, thus providing effective support for improving the quality of bearing steel casting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbides on Thermos-Plastic and Crack Initiation and Expansion of High-Carbon Chromium-Bearing Steel Castings

Feng,

Zeng,

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…During solidification, macrosegregation mainly caused by the thermal contraction of the outer solidified shell is a serious internal defect due to the large size of mushy zone, [3] and damages the efficiency of final products. [4] The final electromagnetic stirring (EMS) [5,6] and soft reduction (SR) [7][8][9][10] are efficient technologies to control macrosegregation and shrinkage defects. The previous research reports have investigated internal defects formation during rolling process to enhance the efficiency of cast products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Characterization of Internal Defects in Medium Carbon Steel via X‐Ray Computed Tomography

Ali

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, the 3D characterization of internal defects in medium carbon steel with different soft reduction (SR) parameters is investigated, as regards its spatial morphology and size distribution using X‐ray computed tomography. The size of defects and their shape complexity increase from the equiaxed toward the center of the ingot, and the total number of defects is larger at the equiaxed region, which exhibits the aggregation and growth of small spherical pores into the large defects from equiaxed toward the center region. The two types of shrinkage defects, including island and net shrinkage, are identified. With the minimum reduction amount of 2 and 4 mm, the number and size of defects along with the carbon macrosegregation in the equiaxed region and center of the ingot are less as compared to the high reduction amount of 6 mm and without SR technology. The size of gas pores with sphericity >0.6 is <70 um with different reduction amounts and exceeds up to 150 um without SR. Therefore, minimum reduction amounts can easily regulate the internal defects in medium carbon steel.

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“…These defects were not eliminated absolutely by the subsequent heating and rolling, which can seriously affect the product performance [3][4][5]. The soft reduction technique [6][7][8][9] can compensate for the solidification shrinkage at the solidification end, squeeze out the solute-enriched liquid in the mushy zone, improve the flow property in the billet centre and reduce the internal defects of the billet [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation on the centre macrosegregation during Billet continuous casting with the soft reduction

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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To investigate the effect of soft reduction on the centre macrosegregation during the continuous casting process, a mathematical model coupling flow, solidification and species transfer was developed. Moreover, a soft reduction model had been incorporated into the coupling model. The solidification model was validated by methods of the billet surface temperature measurement and the tracer experiment. The predicted results revealed that the carbon enrichment occurred at the solidification front during the solidification process of the molten steel. The centre segregation ratio was 1.2 in the billet centre without soft reduction. The calculation results and experimental results showed that the centre segregation ratio at the centre solidification fraction of 0.3 with soft reduction was 1.11 and 1.09, respectively. The experimental results with the soft reduction at the centre solidification fraction of 0.3 had a good agreement with the calculation results.

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Coordinating optimisation of F-EMS and soft reduction during bloom continuous casting process for special steel

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Carbides on Thermos-Plastic and Crack Initiation and Expansion of High-Carbon Chromium-Bearing Steel Castings

Effect of Carbides on Thermos-Plastic and Crack Initiation and Expansion of High-Carbon Chromium-Bearing Steel Castings

Spatial Characterization of Internal Defects in Medium Carbon Steel via X‐Ray Computed Tomography

Numerical simulation on the centre macrosegregation during Billet continuous casting with the soft reduction

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