Cooperative Training in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

Abstract

Abstract. Exploiting features of high density wireless sensor networks represents a challenging issue. In this work, the training of a sensor network which consists of anonymous and asynchronous sensors, randomly and massively distributed in a circular area around a more powerful device, called actor, is considered. The aim is to partition the network area in concentric coronas and sectors, centered at the actor, and to bring each sensor autonomously to learn to which corona and sector belongs. The new protocol, called Cooperative, is the fastest training algorithm for asynchronous sensors, and it matches the running time of the fastest known training algorithm for synchronous sensors. Moreover, to be trained, each sensor stays awake only a constant number of time slots, independent of the network size, consuming very limited energy. The performances of the new protocol, measured as the number of trained sensors, the accuracy of the achieved localization, and the consumed energy, are also experimentally tested under different network density scenarios.

VIBE: An energy efficient routing protocol for dense and mobile sensor networks

“…By placing a processor behind virtually every object, the computers are drawn out of their racks to be seamlessly integrated with the physical environment and form a ubiquitous infrastructure that will monitor and/or support human activity. In many ubiquitous computing applications there is no fixed backbone infrastructure to support the nodes and therefore the network must be self-adaptive, autonomous and autonomic [2,3,4,8,18,21,24,28,33].…”

“…Since equipping all sensors with a GPS receiver is infeasible due to size and energy constraints, this can be achieved by using some service such as the Ad-Hoc Positioning System (APS) [23] or the GPS-less lowcost outdoor localization for very small devices proposed in [6]. Other interesting coarse-grain localization algorithms have been recently proposed when the sink is posed at the center of the network (see for instance [2,3,4,21,28]). Still the VIBE protocol can be applied as its behavior is independent of the sink location.…”