Cooperative network-coding system for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/34739/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose two practical power) and bandwidth)efficient systems based on amplify)and)forward (AF) and decode)and)forward (DF) schemes to address the problem of information exchange via a relay. The key idea is to channel encode each source's message by using a high)performance non)binary turbo code based on Partial Unit Memory (PUM) codes to enhance the bit)error)rate performance, then reduce the energy consumption and increase spectrum efficiency by using network coding (NC) to combine individual nodes' messages at the relay before forwarding to the destination. Two simple and low complexity physical layer NC schemes are proposed based on combinations of received source messages at the relay. We also present the theoretical limits and numerical analysis of the proposed schemes. Simulation results under Additive White Gaussian Noise, confirm that the proposed schemes achieve significant bandwidth savings and fewer transmissions over the benchmark systems which do not resort to NC. Theoretical limits for capacity and Signal to Noise Ratio behaviour for the proposed schemes are derived. The paper also proposes a cooperative strategy that is useful when insufficient combined messages are received at a node to recover the desired source messages, thus enabling the system to retrieve all packets with significantly fewer retransmission request messages.

Method of Distribution Network Resources after Restoration, the Networks MPLS-TE Use of Various Telecommunications Technologies to Construct Backbone Networks

“…The information distributing in modern practical communication network is in either packets or in data streams forms as shown in [5] [6] and [7]. The distribution of the flow path involves selection of a specific unit for a couple of the recipient.…”

“…Practice shows that the method is a more rational distribution of traffic. This lowers the load on the device that serves the traffic, and, in general, there is no problem of packet reordering [6] [7]. This method is used in many modern technologies, including in Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) as a method for optimal load balancing across multiple independent paths for MPLS-TE networks, consisting of consistent application of the optimal shortest path selection procedures.…”

Data Combination over Physical Layer Using Network Coding with PUM Turbo Codes

“…In our previous work [15] [16], practical schemes based on bit/packet together with the capacity for Amplify and Forward (AF) and DF schemes were determined for wireless full-duplex system based on NC with PUMTC. In [17], the same work was introduced using pseudo-random and quasi-cyclic regular Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes over one BS.…”

“…In this paper, we build upon our work in [15] motivated by reducing the number of the sequential network decoding steps using Combined Packet/ symbol Network Coding (CPNC) per source per unit time providing the framework for data exchange for more than two receivers, with applying the PUMTC as the channel coding for FEC technique.…”

“…Our proposed CPNC scheme is compared to the Multi-Source Network Coding (MSNC) based on NC of bits independently per unit time setups introduced in [15], assuming Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels. Taking into consideration that AFbased system is more appropriate for real-time applications since decoding at the BS is avoided, resulting to better time delay but worse BER.…”