Data Combination over Physical Layer Using Network Coding with PUM Turbo Codes

Abstract

The Base Station (BS) or access point is the building block of wireless networks, so, we propose exploiting it together with the Network Coding (NC) principle. NC suffers from the complexity of the decoding processes, i.e., complicated Jordan Gaussian Elimination (JGE) processes. So, this paper proposes a deterministic NC algorithm to reduce the number of sequential network decoding steps, and hence minimizing the complexity of JGE process resulting to better time delay and processing time. We propose an algorithm that combines higher number of the transmitted packets resulting to better data-rate but worse Bet Error Rate (BER). However, using such strong Forward error correction channel code, which is Partial Unit Memory Turbo Code (PUMTC) results to minimize the losses in the BER to a very acceptable lever, in fact, in Decode-and-Forward (DF) BS, the BER can be regarded as minimum. Simulation results, for both Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and DF BS schemes using PUMTC based on (8,4,3,8) component codes, confirm that using PUMTC mitigates the problem of noise aggregation resulting from applying NC in the proposed schemes.

Practical Routing Protocol Models to Improve Network Performance and Adequacy

“…The future work will be directed to more specific protocols that practically improves the performance of specific applications such as condensed mobile network, intensive wireless sensor network, and other applications such as [19].…”

Bit and Packet Error Rate evaluations for Half-Cycle stage cooperation on 6G wireless networks

“…Judiciously linear error correction codes were introduced in [19] as a novel idea to improve physical layer communication reliability, however [19] neither introduced the principle of soft-decoding in the middle nodes, nor applied CoNC at the first stage. More work was performed on PUMTC, such as the work in both [20,21], where in [20] a comprehensive theoretical background for using CoNC on wireless network physical-layer is introduced, and in [21] PUMTC was presented to combine data on the physical layer where the cooperation starts after the first stage in a hard-decision decoding manner. The most recent work for the application of CoNC on the physical layer has been presented in [22], where soft and hard decision encoder-decoder PUMTC was used to show the advantages of performance of the softdecision encoder-decoder over the hard-decision, on a cluster of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).…”

Setting an Optimization Problem of Distributing Traffic Across Multiple Independent Paths

“…This problem is a special case of the multi-path routing problem considered in the literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The algorithm for solving such a generalized problem has a large computational complexity and the time of solution of such a problem cannot meet the requirements for the means of multipath routing.…”

“…It is shown in [12] that in the general case the linear programming problem is NPcomplete. However, in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] it is shown that when solving applied problems, such as finding the maximum flow, etc., the simplex method has a polynomial complexity. The computational efficiency of the simplex method according to [11] can be estimated using the following two parameters: number of iterations (admissible basic solutions needed to achieve the optimal solution of the problem) and the total machine time required to solve the problem.…”

“…The paper presents the optimization procedure providing traffic distribution in a critical mode of network operation based on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In [2][3][4], network coding technique was applied to obtain the optimum transmission algorithm based on a minimum number of transmitted packets and hence obtaining the shortest path to be shorter than the traditional optimization algorithm.…”