Cooperation between Artificial Receptors and Supramolecular Hydrogels for Sensing and Discriminating Phosphate Derivatives

Abstract

This study has successfully demonstrated that the cooperative action of artificial receptors with semi-wet supramolecular hydrogels may produce a unique and efficient molecular recognition device not only for the simple sensing of phosphate derivatives, but also for discriminating among phosphate derivatives. We directly observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy that fluorescent artificial receptors can dynamically change the location between the aqueous cavity and the hydrophobic fibers upon guest-binding under semi-wet conditions provided by the supramolecular hydrogel. On the basis of such a guest-dependent dynamic redistribution of the receptor molecules, a sophisticated means for molecular recognition of phosphate derivatives can be rationally designed in the hydrogel matrix. That is, the elaborate utilization of the hydrophobic fibrous domains, as well as the water-rich hydrophilic cavities, enables us to establish three distinct signal transduction modes for phosphate sensing: the use of (i) a photoinduced electron transfer type of chemosensor, (ii) an environmentally sensitive probe, and (iii) an artificial receptor displaying a fluorescence resonance energy transfer type of fluorescent signal change. Thus, one can selectively sense and discriminate the various phosphate derivatives, such as phosphate, phospho-tyrosine, phenyl phosphate, and adenosine triphosphate, using a fluorescence wavelength shift and a seesaw type of ratiometric fluorescence change, as well as a simple fluorescence intensity change. It is also shown that an array of the miniaturized hydrogel is promising for the rapid and high-throughput sensing of these phosphate derivatives.

Organophosphorous Compounds-Toxicity and Detection Approach

“…This method is sensitive and reliable but can not carried out in field, it is expensive and time consuming too. In addition to this, variety of approaches have been investigated for sensors, including enzymatic assays (Russell et al, 2003), molecular imprinting coupled with luminescence (Jenkins et al, 1997;Rudzinski et al, 2002), colorimetric methods (Wallace et al, 2005), surface acoustic waves (Nieuwenhuizen & Harteveld, 1997), fluorescent organic molecules (Yamaguchi et al, 2005;Zhang & Swager, 2003), interferometry (Sohn et al, 2000) and enzyme biosensors based on inhibition of cholinesterase activity (Evtugyn et al, 1996;Trojanowicz, 2002).…”

Macroscopic and Fluorescent Discrimination of Adenosine Triphosphate via Selective Metallo-hydrogel Formation: A Visual, Practical, and Reliable Rehearsal toward Cellular Imaging

“…28 Hamachi and co-workers first applied molecular organo-hydrogels as efficient supports to immobilize an artificial sensor for phosphate derivatives analysis in 2005. 29 Liu and co-workers subsequently reported the visual discrimination of ATP in preference to ADP and AMP via cationic organogels collapse in alcoholic aqueous media, although the limit of detection was relatively high (6.25 × 10 −3 M). 30 However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of the molecular discrimination of ATP from other phosphates using selective metallo-hydrogels formation in physiological media as a sensor system.…”

New polymerizable luminescence probe for detection of Chlorfenvinphos and Dichlorvos pesticides

“…A variety of approaches have been investigated for new sensors, including enzymatic assays molecular imprinting coupled with luminescence (using lanthanides) [6], colorimetric methods [7], fluorescent organic molecules [8].…”