Organophosphorous Compounds-Toxicity and Detection Approach

Upadhyay, S. H.; Sharma, Mukesh; Rao, Venkat K.; Bhattacharya, B. K.; Sharda, Dileep; Vijayaraghavan, R.

doi:10.5772/13740

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…DNase (Qiagen) was used to remove genomic DNA, followed by a cleanup with a RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). RNA quality was checked by spectrophotometer, and the RNAs with an A 260/280 with ratios of 1.8-2 were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to ensure the presence of intact rRNA band before their selection for cDNA preparation (Upadhyay and Mattoo, 2018). RNA (2 µg) was used for cDNA synthesis using an iScriptadvanced cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States), followed by a 10-fold dilution for further use.…”

Section: Rna Extraction Cdna Preparation and Quantitative Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves

2021

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Polyamines have been implicated in ameliorating the detrimental effects of drought and saline conditions on plant growth and development. The independent impact of these two abiotic stresses on polyamine (PA) biosynthesis, catabolism, and homeostasis, as well as on their transcript abundance in tomato leaves, is presented here. We show that the total levels of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) increase up to 72 h during drought and up to 48 h during salinity stress before their precipitable drop thereafter. Thus, tomato plants maintain survivability to drought as well as salinity stress for up to 3 and 2 days, respectively. Independent multivariant analyses of drought and salinity stress kinetic data separately showed a closer association with levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of SPD and SPM, but not with free or bound PUT. However, combined multivariant analyses showed a closer association of free SPD, conjugated SPD, and bound SPD with both stresses; SPD-bound and SPM conjugated with drought; and free SPM and conjugated PUT with salinity stress, respectively. PA biosynthesis genes, ARG1, SPDS1, and SAMDc3, segregated with drought and SPDS2 with salinity stress. PA catabolic genes CuAO4-like and PAO4 were associated with drought and salinity stresses, respectively, suggesting differential involvement of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes in drought and salinity stresses. Pearson correlation indicated mostly positive correlations between the levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PUT, SPD, and SPM under drought and salinity stress. However, negative correlations were mostly seen between the levels of various forms of the PAs and their biosynthesis/catabolic genes. Levels of different PA forms had a twofold higher negative correlation during drought as compared to salinity stress (66 vs. 32) and with transcript levels of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes. Transcripts of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding genes were generally positively associated with different forms of PAs but negatively to carbon flow genes. Most of the PA biosynthesis genes were coordinately regulated under both stresses. Collectively, these results indicate that PAs are distinctly regulated under drought and salinity stress with different but specific homologs of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes contributing to the accumulation of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PAs.

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Section: Rna Extraction Cdna Preparation and Quantitative Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves

2021

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“…For background to sulfa drugs and their derivatives, see: Abbate et al (2004); Badr (2008); Hanafy et al (2007); Novinson et al (1976); Supuran et al (2003); Upadhyay et al (2009); Zhong et al (2007). For the synthesis of the title compound, see: Prakash & Gambhir (1964).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl 3-oxo-2-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazono]butyrate

Upadhyay

Rai²,

Upadhyay

et al. 2009

Acta Cryst E

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“…Of which, pesticides such as organophosphorus compounds (OPC) forms a major significant group posing a potential threat. 1 India being an agriculture based country, OPC have made their run successfully into agriculture sector but at a cost of many lives. In developing country like India, pesticide self-poisoning is responsible in killing many people of rural areas as these compounds are easily available at cheaper cost and the mortality rate was as higher as 70%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical profile and outcome of intermediate syndrome in acute organophosphate poisoning

2018

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Background: Deaths by acute organ phosphorus poisoning is very common in rural India especially in people associated with agriculture sector. The present study was aimed to study the clinical characteristics of organ phosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning and to assess the associated factors related to the outcome (recovery/death) of intermediate syndrome (IMS). Methods: This is an observational study conducted on 40 patients showing features of intermediate syndrome at Poison center, Institute of internal medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. Detailed clinical examination was done on the day of admission and daily with close monitoring. All patients included under study will be treated with pralidoxime as per protocol, atropine as required and other supportive measures was provided. Mechanical ventilatory support was provided for patients in respiratory failure. Patients are followed up till the end point of outcome (recovered and discharged/death) that was correlated with type of compound, quantum of exposure, duration of IMS, serum cholinesterase and creatinine kinase levels and respiratory failure. Results: Patients of age group between 30-40 years are more affected. Males outnumbered the females and most of them are from agriculture sector (65%). Out of 40, on treatment and follow up 34 patients were recovered and 6 were died. Onset of intermediate syndrome ranges between days 2-4 following exposure and duration of symptoms was observed for 5-16 days. Methylparathion was the frequent compound associated with IMS in about 9 cases. Out of 40, 16 had respiratory failure and given ventilator support. Proximal muscle weakness was seen in about 38 patients as common symptom. Conclusions:The results of the present study concludes that factors such as mode of poisoning, onset of IMS, type of compound, PChE level are not correlated with the outcome of study. Duration of IMS, respiratory failure, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), ventilator support duration were associated with outcome of the study. Hence, early recognition of IMS and its associated respiratory paralysis is very important in patients affected with OPC toxicity to prevent morbidity and mortality rate.

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Organophosphorous Compounds-Toxicity and Detection Approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves

Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves

Ethyl 3-oxo-2-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazono]butyrate

Clinical profile and outcome of intermediate syndrome in acute organophosphate poisoning

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