Cooper Pair Cotunneling in Single Charge Transistors with Dissipative Electromagnetic Environment

Lotkhov, S. V.; Bogoslovsky, S. A.; Zorin, A. B.; Niemeyer, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.197002

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On the contrary, in the biased NNN transistor with Coulomb blockade alone, non-synchronized almost frequency-independent d.c. current through the device is observed. Likewise, a corresponding fully superconducting SSS device is not favourable either, because the inevitable supercurrent of Cooper pairs induces significant leakage errors 23 . Figure 2 shows the current through the SNS turnstile under varying parameters n g0 , A g and V .…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

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The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single electronics about two decades ago 1-3 . Ultrasmall structures in a low-temperature environment form an ideal domain for addressing electrons one by one. In the so-called metrological triangle, voltage from the Josephson effect and resistance from the quantum Hall effect would be tested against current via Ohm's law for a consistency check of the fundamental constants of nature,h and e (ref. 4). Several attempts to create a metrological current source that would comply with the demanding criteria of extreme accuracy, high yield and implementation with not too many control parameters have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Here, we propose and prove the unexpected concept of a hybrid normal-metalsuperconductor turnstile in the form of a one-island singleelectron transistor with one gate, which demonstrates robust current plateaux at multiple levels of e f at frequency f .Synchronized sources, where current I is related to frequency by I = N ef and N is the integer number of electrons injected in one period, are the prime candidates for the devices to define one ampere in quantum metrology. The accuracy of these devices is based on the discreteness of the electron charge and the high accuracy of frequency determined from atomic clocks. Modern methods are replacing classical definitions of electrical quantities; voltage can be derived on the basis of the a.c. Josephson effect of superconductivity 12 and resistance by the quantum Hall effect 13,14 , but one ampere still needs to be determined via the mutual force exerted by the leads carrying the current. Early proposals of current pumps for quantum metrology were based on arrays of mesoscopic metallic tunnel junctions 5,6 , in which small currents could eventually be pumped at very low error rates 7 . However, these multijunction devices are hard to control and relatively slow 15 . Thus, the quest for feasible implementation with a possibility of parallel architecture for higher yield have led to alternative solutions such as surface-acoustic-wave-driven one-dimensional channels 8 , superconducting devices 11,16-21 and semiconducting quantum dots 22 . These do produce large currents in the nano-ampere range but their accuracy is still limited.Surprisingly, a simple hybrid single-electron transistor, with a small normal-metal (N) island and superconducting (S) leads, has been overlooked in this context. As demonstrated here, an SNS transistor, or alternatively an NSN transistor, see Fig. 1, presents a robust turnstile for electrons showing current plateaux at multiples of ef . We emphasize here that a one-island turnstile does not work even in principle without the hybrid design. An important feature in the present system is that hybrid tunnel junctions suppress tunnelling in an energy range determined by the gap ∆ in the density of states of the superconductor, see Fig. 1d bottom inset; current through a junction vanishes as long as |V J | ∼ < ∆/e...

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Pekola¹,

Vartiainen²,

et al. 2007

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“…On-chip resistors and long chains of Josephson junctions (JJs) in the dissipative regime have already been used to provide high impedance environments for the phase across a Josephson element [1][2][3]. However, these Ohmic components cannot screen charge offsets efficiently and, being dissipative, tend to destroy the quantum coherence of the devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microwave Characterization of Josephson Junction Arrays: Implementing a Low Loss Superinductance

et al. 2012

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We have measured the plasma resonances of an array of Josephson junctions in the regime E(J)>>E(C), up to the ninth harmonic by incorporating it as part of a resonator capacitively coupled to a coplanar waveguide. From the characteristics of the resonances, we infer the successful implementation of a superinductance, an electrical element with a nondissipative impedance greater than the resistance quantum [R(Q)=h/(2e)(2) is approximately equal to 6.5 kΩ] at microwave frequencies. Such an element is crucial for preserving the quantum coherence in circuits exploiting large fluctuations of the superconducting phase. Our results show internal losses less than 20 ppm, self-resonant frequencies greater than 10 GHz, and phase-slip rates less than 1 mHz, enabling direct application of such arrays for quantum information and metrology. Arrays with a loop geometry also demonstrate a new manifestation of flux quantization in a dispersive analog of the Little-Parks effect.

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“…An advantage of a JJA as a model system is that it offers a straightforward theoretical description of the current-voltage characteristics, which is what is measured in all the major experimental studies of SIT. In this Letter we develop a theory of the collective transport of large Josephson-junction arrays in the insulating state and apply our results for interpretation of experimental data on SIT.The current-voltage characteristics of Josephson systems in an insulating state were discussed in a single junction [11][12][13] and two-junction [14,15] systems. Each junction is characterized by the Josephson coupling energy, E J @I c =2e, where I c is the Josephson critical current, and by charging energies E c related to interisland capacitance and E c0 associated with capacitance to ground, C 0 .…”

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Collective Cooper-Pair Transport in the Insulating State of Josephson-Junction Arrays

2008

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We investigate collective Cooper-pair transport of one- and two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays. We derive an analytical expression for the current-voltage characteristic revealing thermally activated conductivity at small voltages and threshold voltage depinning. The activation energy and the related depinning voltage represent a dynamic Coulomb barrier for collective charge transfer over the whole system and scale with the system size. We show that both quantities are nonmonotonic functions of the magnetic field. We propose that formation of the dynamic Coulomb barrier and its size scaling are consequences of the mutual Josephson phase synchronization across the system. We apply the results for interpretation of experimental data in disordered films near the superconductor-insulator transition.

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Cooper Pair Cotunneling in Single Charge Transistors with Dissipative Electromagnetic Environment

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current

Microwave Characterization of Josephson Junction Arrays: Implementing a Low Loss Superinductance

Collective Cooper-Pair Transport in the Insulating State of Josephson-Junction Arrays

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