Cool‐Season Legumes for Humid Areas

Evers, G. W.; Jungers, Jacob M.

doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch14

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mixture of cool-season perennial forages established in the area prone to inundation, resulted in higher root mass than the tall-fescue monoculture specially at deeper soil layers (Figure 4), but surprisingly, it did not affect forage yields, regardless of inundation (Figure 2). Our expectation was that the diverse mix would increase seasonal yields, mainly during spring inundation due to the inclusion of shallow-rooted species, such as bluegrass and clover, which are better adapted to high sub-soil moisture contents (Casler et al, 2020;Sheaffer et al, 2020); however, we did not observe such a response in our study. The lack of response is likely due to a reduction in the canopy proportion of tall fescue at the expense of an increase in orchardgrass, bluegrass and clover (Figure 3), such that a new botanical composition was established that occupied the same productive niche (Skinner & Dell, 2016).…”

Section: Effects Of Mixtures On Forage Yield Root Biomass and Particu...contrasting

confidence: 60%

Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

Ribeiro,

Miquilini,

Lyon

et al. 2023

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural soil inundation caused by frequent and intense precipitation affects carbon allocation in grassland biomass, ultimately leading to changes in soil carbon storage. Increasing forage diversity could provide resiliency to inundation of grassland. The objective was to evaluate forage and root biomass and C and N stocks in the soil particulate organic matter (POM) from pastures under recurring short‐term inundation. Three forage species combinations were evaluated in an inundated (typically lasting for a few days after heavy rain events) and a non‐inundated pasture: (1) predominantly tall‐fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); (2) mixture of cool‐season perennials composed of tall‐fescue, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white (Trifolium repens L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.); (3) and cool‐season mixture of perennials overseeded with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). Roots and forage biomass were sampled during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. Soil POM was evaluated 2.5 years after establishment. Inundation reduced forage and root biomass mainly during periods of higher inundation frequency, leading to lower C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Inundation caused a shift in the forage botanical composition, that is, higher occurrence of weeds and less productive grass species with shallow roots. The perennial cool‐season mixture did not increase forage yield compared with tall fescue only but did increase root mass. This occurred mainly at deeper layers and, consequently, increased C‐POM stocks (p < .05). Overseeding of winter annuals reduced overall forage production, despite increasing spring biomass when inundated in the first year, but reduced C and N‐POM stocks (p < .05). Perennial cool‐season forage mixtures can increase the resilience of pastures to inundation events and contribute to increased carbon sequestration in grasslands where inundation is prevalent.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Mixtures On Forage Yield Root Biomass and Particu...contrasting

confidence: 60%

Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

Ribeiro,

Miquilini,

Lyon

et al. 2023

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Differences in the biomass yield and other traits evaluated are representative of the genetic variability among the alfalfa accessions evaluated. Alfalfa grows best on soils that are well drained, neutral in pH, and have high fertility (Sheaffer and Evers, 2007), and thus the low‐input growing conditions in the field represented a multifactor stress environment for screening. Additional factors affecting the adaptability and persistence of many forage species such as alfalfa include the absence of cold tolerance, drought susceptibility, and diseases, among others (Sleper and Poehlman, 2006, p. 335–360).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Throughput Approaches for Phenotyping Alfalfa Germplasm under Abiotic Stress in the Field

Cazenave

Shah

Trammell

et al. 2019

The Plant Phenome Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Remote sensing technologies enable rapid and nondestructive phenotyping of plants in the field. Biomass estimate accuracy from images and sensors was similar to yields harvested manually. Biomass yield variation identified the most productive accessions under low‐input conditions. High‐throughput phenotyping technologies enable monitoring plant growth and development nondestructively throughout the growing season. Crop losses associated with abiotic and biotic factors threaten the sustainability of crops used for feed, fiber, and fuel. The process to develop improved cultivars with enhanced crop yields includes phenotyping hundreds of plants under a target set of conditions. However, the manual collection of data is often laborious and time consuming. Strategies that integrate remote sensing technologies including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and sensors mounted on “phenomobiles” can streamline phenotyping efforts in plant breeding programs. The objectives of this study were to compare the phenotypic data collected from the field using UAVs, sensors, and manual approaches and to assess the potential of high‐throughput approaches to rank the productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) accessions growing in the field. Phenotypic data were collected from 100 alfalfa accessions established and grown under low‐input conditions. Specific traits evaluated using both UAVs and sensors mounted on a phenomobile prior to physically harvesting the biomass during four harvests include biomass yield, plant height, normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, and ground coverage. The results from both the UAV and the sensors were highly correlated to the physical measurements obtained for the multiple traits evaluated. Therefore, field‐based high‐throughput phenotyping strategies represent a viable option for efficiently screening germplasm in the field to increase phenotyping efficiencies in plant breeding programs.

show abstract

“…Higher legume biomass accumulation usually implies a higher N contribution by biological N fixation (Pinto et al, 2021b) but in our experiment this potential N contribution was not relevant since no response to N fertilization was seen in the IWG monocultures. In contrast, high biomass accumulated by red clover and alfalfa, which are legumes well adapted to Wisconsin (Sheaffer et al, 2020), compromised the establishment of IWG and its grain and forage yields.…”

Section: Iwg Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Pinto

Cartoni-Casamitjana

Cureton

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionKernza intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial grain and forage crop. Intercropping IWG with legumes may increase the forage yields and nutritive value but may compromise Kernza grain yields. The interaction between IWG and legumes depends on planting season, row spacing, and legume species. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of those management practices on Kernza grain yield, summer and fall forage yield and nutritive value, weed biomass and, the profitability of the cropping system in Wisconsin, USA.MethodsIn the spring and fall of 2017, we planted eight cropping systems at 38 and 57 cm of row spacing: four IWG monocultures [control without N fertilization or weed removal (IWG), hand weed removal (hand weeded), IWG fertilized with urea at rates of 45 or 90 kg ha−1], and four IWG-legume intercrops (IWG with alfalfa, Berseem clover, Kura clover, or red clover).Results and discussionMost of the intercropping systems were similar to IWG monoculture in grain (ranging from 652 to 1,160 kg ha−1) and forage yield (ranging from 2,740 to 5,190 kg ha−1) and improved the forage quality. However, for spring planted IWG, intercropped with red clover or alfalfa, the grain and forage yields were lower than the IWG monoculture (~80 and 450 kg ha−1, respectively). The best performing intercrops in the first year were Kura clover in the spring planting (652 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 4,920 kg IWG forage ha−1 and 825 kg legume forage ha−1) and red clover in the fall planting (857 kg Kernza grain ha−1, 3,800 kg IWG forage ha−1, and 450 kg legume forage ha−1). In the second year, grain yield decreased 84% on average. Overall, the profitability of the IWG legume intercropping was high, encouraging the adoption of dual-purpose perennial crops.

show abstract

Cool‐Season Legumes for Humid Areas

Cited by 9 publications

References 69 publications

Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

Inundation impacts on diversified pasture biomass allocation and soil particulate organic matter stocks

High‐Throughput Approaches for Phenotyping Alfalfa Germplasm under Abiotic Stress in the Field

Intercropping legumes and intermediate wheatgrass increases forage yield, nutritive value, and profitability without reducing grain yields

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About