Research Articles: "Doc2b is a high-affi nity Ca 2+ sensor for spontaneous neurotransmitter release" by A. J. Groffen et al. (26 March, p. 1614). Several author affi liations were not footnoted properly; three corrected affi liations follow.

Context. The larger number of models of asteroid shapes and their rotational states derived by the lightcurve inversion give us better insight into both the nature of individual objects and the whole asteroid population. With a larger statistical sample we can study the physical properties of asteroid populations, such as main-belt asteroids or individual asteroid families, in more detail. Shape models can also be used in combination with other types of observational data (IR, adaptive optics images, stellar occultations), e.g., to determine sizes and thermal properties. Aims. We use all available photometric data of asteroids to derive their physical models by the lightcurve inversion method and compare the observed pole latitude distributions of all asteroids with known convex shape models with the simulated pole latitude distributions. Methods. We used classical dense photometric lightcurves from several sources (Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, Palomar Transient Factory survey, and from individual observers) and sparse-in-time photometry from the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Catalina Sky Survey, and La Palma surveys (IAU codes 689, 703, 950) in the lightcurve inversion method to determine asteroid convex models and their rotational states. We also extended a simple dynamical model for the spin evolution of asteroids used in our previous paper. Results. We present 119 new asteroid models derived from combined dense and sparse-in-time photometry. We discuss the reliability of asteroid shape models derived only from Catalina Sky Survey data (IAU code 703) and present 20 such models. By using different values for a scaling parameter c YORP (corresponds to the magnitude of the YORP momentum) in the dynamical model for the spin evolution and by comparing synthetic and observed pole-latitude distributions, we were able to constrain the typical values of the c YORP parameter as between 0.05 and 0.6.

Aims. We present evidence that four minor planets of the main belt are binary systems. Methods. These discoveries are based on CCD photometric measurements made by many observers coordinated in a network of observatories. Results. Orbital and physical properties are derived from a total of 134 partial light curves involving 26 stations. (854) Frostia, (1089) Tama, (1313) Berna, and (4492) Debussy show mutual eclipses features on their light curves. In all cases, rotation and revolution are synchronous. Synodic periods are 37. 728, 16.444, 25.464 and 26.606 h respectively. From a simple model, we have derived their bulk densities as follows: 0.89 ± 0.14, 2.52 ± 0.30, 1.22 ± 0.15 and 0.91 ± 0.10 g cm −3 respectively. Uncertainties in the bulk densities, arising from scattering and shadow effects are not taken into account. These could increase the density estimates by a factor up to 1.6. Our method of determining bulk density is completely independent of their mass and their diameter estimates. The low rotational periods and the low bulk densities clearly imply a collisional process to explain this kind of binary asteroid. Based on our database of a few thousand light curves of minor planets, the population of similar-sized objects in the main belt is estimated to 6 ± 3 percent in the 10-50 km diameter class.Key words. planets and satellites: formation -minor planets, asteroids -techniques: photometric IntroductionThe first confirmed satellite of a minor planet was Dactyl around (243) Ida, discovered in 1993 on Galileo spacecraft images (Belton & Carlson 1993). Ten years later, about fifty asteroids are suspected or confirmed to be multiple bodies. These asteroids are very useful in determining the physical and dynamical properties of small bodies, in particular the bulk density, which is important in understanding the collisional evolution of this kind of object.Various techniques are used to detect satellites for minor planets: occultation of stars, light curves, direct imaging by spacecraft, radars or adaptive optic (see review by Merline et al. 2002). Binary studies allows the derivation of dimensions, shape, bulk densities, rotation and orbital properties of the bodies. Asteroid densities are known for only a few of them Based on observations performed with the T1 M and T60 cm at the Pic du Midi, TAROT at the Calern observatory, Faulkes-North at Hawaii, T50 cm at Brorfelde, and by many amateur observatories coordinated by Geneva Observatory.(see the review by Britt et al. 2002). We distinguish two types of multiple systems. Those consisting of comparable size bodies are designated as binary. The others are designated as primaries with satellites. When the orbital plane of a binary system is seen edge-on, mutual eclipses can be detected from light curves. That allows to discover binary systems that cannot be found by other methods. Based on binary system light curves anlysis, we present a method to derive the bulk density independently of size and mass determinations. From single opposition measurement...

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop for United States agriculture and worldwide. Low soil moisture is a major constraint for production in all peanut growing regions with negative effects on yield quantity and quality. Leaf wilting is a visual symptom of low moisture stress used in breeding to improve stress tolerance, but visual rating is slow when thousands of breeding lines are evaluated and can be subject to personnel scoring bias. Photogrammetry might be used instead. The objective of this article is to determine if color space indices derived from red-green-blue (RGB) images can accurately estimate leaf wilting for breeding selection and irrigation triggering in peanut production. RGB images were collected with a digital camera proximally and aerially by a unmanned aerial vehicle during 2018 and 2019. Visual rating was performed on the same days as image collection. Vegetation indices were intensity, hue, saturation, lightness, a∗, b∗, u∗, v∗, green area (GA), greener area (GGA), and crop senescence index (CSI). In particular, hue, a∗, u∗, GA, GGA, and CSI were significantly (p ≤ 0.0001) associated with leaf wilting. These indices were further used to train an ordinal logistic regression model for wilting estimation. This model had 90% accuracy when images were taken aerially and 99% when images were taken proximally. This article reports on a simple yet key aspect of peanut screening for tolerance to low soil moisture stress and uses novel, fast, cost-effective, and accurate RGB-derived models to estimate leaf wilting.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop in the United States and worldwide with high net returns. However, input costs are high (US$1,970-$2,220 ha −1), and yield in excess of 4,500 kg ha −1 is needed to offset the costs. Since yield is limited by biotic and abiotic stresses, newer cultivars with tolerance to these stresses are needed to optimize yield. Plant height and canopy architecture may affect crop water use and plant disease resistance. However, measuring canopy height is a time-consuming process. Surface elevation models from red-green-blue (RGB) aerial images have been successfully developed to estimate genetic differences of plant height for tall crops like corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]; but they have not been tested for short crops like peanut with a runner growth habit and much smaller height differences among genotypes. The objective of this study was to derive canopy height of peanut from digital surface models (DSM). Images were aerially taken using a digital camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Images were orthomosaiced to create the DSM and the digital terrain model (DTM) of the plot. Canopy height was derived by subtracting the DTM from the DSM in ArcGIS software. Results showed that the RGB derived canopy height was highly correlated to the manually measured height (R 2 = .953). We propose the methods used here as fast and relatively easy selection tools for breeders and crop growth evaluators of peanut plant height. 1 INFORMATION Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food crop, grown on 17 million ha worldwide. In the United States, peanut is a high net return crop grown annually on Abbreviations: DSM, digital surface model; DTM, digital terrain model; GP, ground point; GSD, ground sample distance; RGB, red-green-blue; SfM, structure from motion; UAV, unmanned aerial vehicle; WAP, weeks after planting. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.