Converting bacteriophage for sporulation and crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis

Perlak, Frederick J.; Mendelsohn, C L; Thorne, Curtis B.

doi:10.1128/jb.140.2.699-706.1979

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite its use in agriculture, there is little genetic information available about B. thuringiensis. The smal number of known mutations are distributed among the various H-serotypes (8,19,23). These mutations have been exploited in transduction studies with several B. thurininsis H-serotypes (8, 19, 23), but transduction has not been reported for strains of H-serotype 3ab, which include the commercially available strain HD-1.…”

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Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid

Martin¹,

Lohr²,

Dean³

1981

J Bacteriol

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A method has been developed to transform plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid into protoplasts of the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. Protoplasts were formed by treatment of cells with lysozyme. The efficiency of formation of protoplasts was affected by the strain, the media, and the cell density. Deoxyribonucleic acid uptake was induced by polyethylene glycol. Deoxyribonucleic acid from the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 was used for transformation. Although this plasmid could not be isolated as a stable extrachromosomal element, its chloramphenicol resistance was transferred to the recipient protoplasts. This was confirmed by assay for the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which confers resistance to chloramphenicol. This suggested that pC194 acts as an insertion element in B. thuringiensis.

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confidence: 99%

Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid

Martin¹,

Lohr²,

Dean³

1981

J Bacteriol

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“…For convenience, mutant Bt1302 will be referred to as the avirulent mutant and strain Bt13O6 will be referred to as the revertant. Strain Btl31O was isolated from Btl3 as a spontaneous mutant resistant to bacteriophage TP13, which uses flagella as receptors (44). Strain Btl31O was used by Heierson et al to investigate whether the expression of flagella was coupled to virulence, since this mutant was not considered pleiotropic (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of an avirulent pleiotropic mutant of the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis: reduced expression of flagellin and phospholipases

et al. 1993

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All of the aforementioned substances are potential virulence factors and might interfere with normal host functions or with insect defense systems. However, B. thunrngiensis also seems to be resistant to the immune defense in lepidopteran insects, a property referred to as passive resistance (17). To study passive resistance, a mutant with decreased virulence in H. cecropia pupae was previously isolated from delta-endotoxin-negative B. thunrngiensis subsp. gelechiae

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“…d MRE, Microbiological Research Establishment, Porton, England. UV, Mutagenesis by UV light (14). f NRRL, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Regional Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Ill. 8 Although strain 4042A UM8-13 was Osp and Cry-, it contained pXO12 and could be converted to Spo+ Cry' by phage .…”

Section: B Anthracis Weybridge Weybridge a Weybridge A Um17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mating system for transfer of plasmids among Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis

Battisti¹,

Green²,

Thorne³

1985

J Bacteriol

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143

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To facilitate the analysis of genetic determinants carried by large resident plasmids of Bacillus anthracis, a mating system was developed which promotes plasmid transfer among strains of B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis. Transfer of the selectable tetracycline resistance plasmid pBC16 and other plasmids from B. thuringiensis to B. anthracis and B. cereus recipients occurred during mixed incubation in broth. Two plasmids, pXOll and pXO12, found in B. thuringiensis were responsible for plasmid mobilization. B. anthracis and B. cereus transcipients inheriting either pXOll or pXO12 were, in turn, effective donors. Transcipients harboring pXO12 were more efficient donors than those harboring pXO11; transfer frequencies ranged from 10-4 to 10-1 and from 10-8 to 10-5, respectively. Cell-to-cell contact was necessary for plasmid transfer, and the addition of DNase had no effect. The high frequencies of transfer, along with the fact that cell-free filtrates of donor cultures were ineffective, suggested that transfer was not phage mediated. B. anthracis and B. cereus transcipients which inherited pXO12 also acquired the ability to produce parasporal crystals (Cry') resembling those produced by B. thuringiensis, indicating that pXO12 carries a gene(s) involved in crystal formation. Transcipients which inherited pXOll were Cry-. This mating system provides an efficient method for interspecies transfer of a large range of Bacillus plasmids by a conjugation-like process. A previous report from this laboratory (15) demonstrated the utility of the generalized transducing bacteriophage CP-51 in transferring plasmids among the three species Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis. However, the size of plasmids that can be transferred by CP-51 is limited by the size of the phage and the corresponding amount of DNA it can package (ca. 50 megadaltons). Therefore, with the hope of being able to transfer the large plasmids of B. anthracis to assess more adequately their biological significance, we decided to investigate whether the B. thuringiensis mating system described by Gonzalez et al. (5, 6) could be applied to B. anthracis. Our strategy was to look for transfer of the selectable tetracycline resistance plasmid pBC16 (2) and then to examine tetracycline-resistant transcipients for the acquisition of additional plasmids. We have found that certain plasmids which promote their own transfer from B. thuringiensis are also effective in promoting the transfer of a variety of plasmids among the three Bacillus species. Evidence is presented that each of two plasmids, pXO11 and pXO12, found in B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis is capable of bringing about its own transfer as well as that of other plasmids. Plasmid analyses confirmed the transfer of a variety of plasmids from B. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis to B. anthracis and B. cereus. Transcipients of the latter two organisms that inherited either pXOll or pXO12 were, in turn, effective donors. The mating system is thus a useful and efficient means of...

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Converting bacteriophage for sporulation and crystal formation in Bacillus thuringiensis

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid

Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid

Characterization of an avirulent pleiotropic mutant of the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis: reduced expression of flagellin and phospholipases

Mating system for transfer of plasmids among Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis

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