Conversion of very low density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein. A metabolic study of apolipoprotein B kinetics in human subjects.

Sigurðsson, Gunnar; Nicoll, A.; Lewis, Barry

doi:10.1172/jci108229

Cited by 294 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This possibility has been invoked by other workers (50,51) including a preliminary report using the same methodology as employed in this work (52). Second, the "remnant" of VLDL may be removed by pathways other than conversion to LDL, particularly in hyperlipidemic subjects, as suggested for man by the work of Sigurdssoni et al (49), Reardlon et al (15), and Bermlani et al (53), anid for rats by Faergeman et al (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Transport of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglycerides in Varying Degrees of Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia

Grundy¹,

Mok²,

Zech³

et al. 1979

J. Clin. Invest.

271

107

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A B S T R A C T Measurements oftransport oftriglycerides (TG) in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were carried out in 59 patients by injection of radioactive glycerol, determinations of specific activities of VLDL-TG for 48 h thereafter, and treatment of the data by multicompartmental analysis. The patients were divided into three groups: normal weight (89-120% ideal weight), mildly obese (120-135% ideal weight), and markedly obese (135% ideal weight). They had varying levels of VLDL-TG ranging from normal to markedly elevated. In many subjects, there was a positive correlation between concentrations and transport of VLDL indicating that overproduction of VLDL-TG contributed to hypertriglyceridemia. In others, and particularly in several markedly obese subjects, transport rates were greatly increased without significant hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting that they had enhanced capacity to clear TG. In all groups, however, there were patients whose degree ofhypertriglyceridemia seemed out of proportion to their transport rates. This finding and the fact that many patients have increased secretion ofVLDL-TG without elevated plasma TG suggests that both overproduction of VLDL-TG and insufficient enhancement of clearance contributed to the development of hypertriglyceridemia.The data showed a poor correlation between transport rates determined by our multicompartment analysis and single-exponential analysis used previously by other investigators (r = 0.46); this comparison was not improved by segregating patients according to their degree of obesity. Although two conversion pathways (fast and slow synthetic paths) were required to fit the data, there was no correlation between transport ratesThis work was presented, in part, at the 49th and 50th

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Because degradation of VLDL is thought to be the major source of LDL (48,49), patients with increased synthesis of VLDL might be expected to have elevated plasma LDL. Certainly, some patients with hyperlipidemia have increases in both VLDL and LDL (Type IIB hyperlipoproteinemia).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglycerides in Varying Degrees of Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia

Grundy¹,

Mok²,

Zech³

et al. 1979

J. Clin. Invest.

271

107

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“…39 The particular relation may stem from the reported VLDL elevations in obesity 40 and the subsequent increased LDL-C production rates. 41 Some other reason for the particular relation may be the reported elevations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in obesity 42 and the associated enhanced transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to lower density lipoproteins, such as LDL. Nevertheless, a growing body of literature has indicated the presence of and associations between Coronary Heart Disease risk factors in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To report on the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and sum of skinfolds in a cohort of Cretan children and identify the factors associated with these indices. DESIGN: The present study was a follow-up study. Children were measured prospectively at ages 6, 9 and 12. SUBJECTS: Pupils came from 40 schools randomly selected from the 541 primary schools in three different provinces of Crete. 1046 pupils were examined at age 6. At age 9, a representative sample from the original cohort (n 579) was randomly selected for re-evaluation. At the age of 12, a sample of 831 pupils was re-examined, following similar procedures. MEASUREMENTS: Both during baseline and each subsequent follow-up, data were obtained on pupils' anthropometry, serum lipids, dietary intake, physical ®tness and physical activity as well as their dietary and their health knowledge. Data on parents' anthropometry, age, occupation, educational level, and issues relating to health habits, attitudes and knowledge were also collected. RESULTS: Half of the obese children at age 6 were also obese at age 12. Cretan children had higher mean BMI than similar American cohorts. Compared to their American counterparts, Cretans had higher proportions of overweight in both genders across all ages tested. The endurance run test (ERT), an index of physical ®tness, was positively associated with obesity indices. Sum of skinfolds related positively to serum LDL-C. Children from urban areas had higher skinfold sums than children from rural areas. Parental health-related hedonism related positively to children's BMI. CONCLUSION: It appears that these ®ndings offer some support to the reported increasing prevalence of obesity among Greek children. Higher ERT, presumably re¯ecting higher physical activity, is associated with lower obesity. The relationship between degree of fatness and LDL-C appears to be evidenced at an early age in life. This relationship may relate to the reported VLDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein elevations in obesity. The parental attitude of health-related hedonism appears to be linked with children's adiposity.

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“…Subjects have therefore been studied during periods of both fasting and feeding. In previous VLDL apo B kinetic studies (26)(27)(28)(29)(30), fat-and calorie-restricted diets have been given to minimize the secretion of chylomicrons and VLDL from the intestine. This rather artificial situation, however, represents neither a fasted nor fed state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of very low density and low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 and high density lipoprotein Apo A-I production in human subjects using deuterated leucine. Effect of fasting and feeding.

Cohn¹,

Wagner²,

Cohn³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

185

128

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Six normolipidemic male subjects, after an 8-h overnight fast, were given a bolus injection and then a 15-h constant intravenous infusion of [D3AL-leucine. Subjects were studied in the fasted state and on a second occasion in the fed state (small, physiological meals were given every hour for 15 h). Apolipoproteins were isolated by preparative gradient gel electrophoresis from plasma lipoproteins separated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Incorporation of [D3jL-leucine into apolipoproteins was monitored by negative ionization, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Production rates were determined by multiplying plasma apolipoprotein pool sizes by fractional production rates (calculated as the rate of isotopic enrichment IIEI of each protein as a fraction of IE achieved by VLDL (d < 1.006 g/ml) apo B-100 at plateau. VLDL apo B-100 production was greater, and LDL (1.019 < d < 1.063 g/ml) apo B-100 production was less in the fed compared with the fasted state (9.9±1.7 vs. 6.4±1.7 mg/kg per d, P < 0.01, and 8.9±1.2 vs. 13.1±1.2 mg/kg per d, P < 0.05, respectively). No mean change was observed in high density lipoprotein apo A-I production. We conclude that: (a) this stable isotope, endogenous-labeling technique, for the first time allows for the in vivo measurement of apolipoprotein production in the fasted and fed state; and (b) since LDL apo B-100 production was greater than VLDL apo B-100 production in the fasted state, this study provides in vivo evidence that LDL apo B-100 can be produced independently of VLDL apo B-100 in normolipidemic subjects. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 85:804-811.) stable isotope * postprandial triglyceridemia * apolipoprotein kinetics

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Conversion of very low density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein. A metabolic study of apolipoprotein B kinetics in human subjects.

Cited by 294 publications

References 32 publications

Transport of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglycerides in Varying Degrees of Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia

Transport of Very Low Density Lipoprotein Triglycerides in Varying Degrees of Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia

Obesity indices in a cohort of primary school children in Crete: a six year prospective study

Measurement of very low density and low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 and high density lipoprotein Apo A-I production in human subjects using deuterated leucine. Effect of fasting and feeding.

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