Conversion of pectenotoxin-2 to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid in the New Zealand scallop, Pecten novaezelandiae

Suzuki, Toshiyuki; MacKenzie, Lincoln; Stirling, David; Adamson, Janet

doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2001.00265.x

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, there have been documented reductions in cockle beds which were correlated with salinity reduction following freshwater input from a hydroelectric power station in Doubtful Sound, South Island (Tallis et al 2004). Some authors also suggest that eutrophication, red tides and toxic algal blooms provide an increasing threat to bivalve populations, including scallops, mussels and clams, in New Zealand (Marsden 1993;Mackenzie et al 1996;Rhodes et al 2001;Suzuki et al 2001;Grant and Hay 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Current status of cockle bed restoration in New Zealand

Marsden

Adkins

2009

Aquacult Int

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The intertidal cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi, also known as tuangi or littleneck clam, is endemic to New Zealand, where it commonly occurs in sheltered sandflats and estuaries. While it is still abundant in some places, recreational collecting and habitat change have resulted in the losses of shellfish beds. This paper reviews the current status of cockle beds in New Zealand and outlines some of the methods that are being used to try to re-establish them. Cockle populations differ both within and between locations, and recent research suggests that this is often site-specific and correlated with sediment properties, salinity and contamination levels. The role of Customary Fishing Regulations and the management of Maori Marine Reserves in promoting cockles as a sustainable shellfishery is discussed, together with the role of closures. The transfer of adult stock may be the most promising technique for restoration. There is, however, a need to identify the potential risks and choose the sites carefully to ensure that shellfish are sustainable and that they improve ecosystem function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Current status of cockle bed restoration in New Zealand

Marsden

Adkins

2009

Aquacult Int

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“…1), pectenotoxin-3 (PTX-3) (C-43 = aldehyde) and pectenotoxin-6 (PTX-6) (C-43 = carboxylic acid) in the digestive gland of P. yessoensis [7]. However, PTX-2 is rapidly metabolized to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX-2SA) in most bivalve species throughout the world, including New Zealand [8,9], Norway [10] and Portugal [11]. Structurally, PTX-2SA is identical to PTX-2 except that the characteristic lactone ring is hydrolyzed in the seco acid form (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactone Ring of Pectenotoxins: a Key Factor for their Activity on Cytoskeletal Dynamics

Ares

Louzao²,

Espiña³

et al. 2007

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Pectenotoxins are a group of natural products from marine origin that can accumulate in shellfish and intoxicate humans. Recently, novel homologues such as pectenotoxin-11 (PTX-11) and pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX-2SA) have been identified. Their toxic potential towards experimental animals has been evaluated however their interaction with cellular systems is almost unknown. This is the first report showing (i) the biological activity of PTX-11 and PTX-2SA on actin cytoskeleton and morphology of living cells and (ii) the structure- activity relationship for this family of toxic compounds. Methods: Fluorescent phalloidin was utilized to quantify and visualize any modification in polymerized actin. Fluorescence values were obtained with laser-scanning cytometer and cells were imaged through confocal microscopy. For structure-activity evaluations, pectenotoxin-1 (PTX-1) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) was also analyzed. Results: Data showed that PTX-11 triggered a remarkable depolymerizing effect on actin cytoskeleton and also modifications in the shape of cells. In contrast, PTX-2SA did not evidence the same effects. Conclusion: Our findings point out that (i) the actin cytoskeleton is a common target for PTX-11, PTX-2 and PTX-1, but not for PTX-2SA, and (ii) this difference in activity is related to the presence or absence of an intact lactone ring in their structures.

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“…It has been shown that many of the other PTXs such as PTX6 and PTX2 seco acid (PTX2sa) 54 are formed by metabolism of PTX2 in shellfish tissues. 38,[55][56][57] Several analytical methods for the determination of PTXs by LC-MS or LC-MS/MS are reported. + are applicable to quantification of the PTXs.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%