“…Humans have already invented many methods to control them since recent decades. Among these methods, the combustion catalysis is the simplest and most feasible [7][8][9][10]. The combustion catalysis is the deep degradation of VOCs to CO 2 and H 2 O at low temperatures (200-500 • C) by means of a catalyst [11] and catalysts play a vital role in combustion catalysis.…”
This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties of the Pd@UIO-66 for toluene oxidation. The samples are prepared by the double-solvent method to form catalysts with large specific surface area, highly dispersed Pd0 (Elemental palladium) and abundant adsorbed oxygen, which are characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that as the Pd content increases, the adsorbed oxygen content further increases, but at the same time Pd0 will agglomerate and lose some active sites, which will affect its catalytic performance. While 0.2%Pd@UIO-66 has the highest concentration of Pd0, the result shows it has the best catalytic activity and the T90 temperature is 210 °C.
“…Humans have already invented many methods to control them since recent decades. Among these methods, the combustion catalysis is the simplest and most feasible [7][8][9][10]. The combustion catalysis is the deep degradation of VOCs to CO 2 and H 2 O at low temperatures (200-500 • C) by means of a catalyst [11] and catalysts play a vital role in combustion catalysis.…”
This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and catalytic properties of the Pd@UIO-66 for toluene oxidation. The samples are prepared by the double-solvent method to form catalysts with large specific surface area, highly dispersed Pd0 (Elemental palladium) and abundant adsorbed oxygen, which are characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that as the Pd content increases, the adsorbed oxygen content further increases, but at the same time Pd0 will agglomerate and lose some active sites, which will affect its catalytic performance. While 0.2%Pd@UIO-66 has the highest concentration of Pd0, the result shows it has the best catalytic activity and the T90 temperature is 210 °C.
“…104 Naphthalene can be selectively hydrocracked to mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, using a blend of hydrogen and methane as cracking agents, at 400 °C and 40 bar. 105 Full naphthalene conversion was achieved after 1 h in an autoclave, using Zn/HY as a catalyst. The main products are toluene and propane.…”
This paper presents
a process design for catalytic nonoxidative
natural gas conversion to olefins and aromatics, highlighting the
opportunities and challenges concerning industrial implementation.
The optimal reactor conditions are 5 bar and 1000 °C. Heat exchange
over the reactor is challenging due to the high temperature and low
gas pressure. Recovery of ethylene is economically unattractive due
to the low ethylene concentration in the product stream, leading to
a methane-to-aromatics process, recycling ethylene. Benzene is the
most valuable product at an efficiency of 0.31 kgbenzene/kgmethane with hydrogen as a major valuable byproduct.
Naphthalene, with a low value, is unfortunately the dominant product,
at 0.52 kgnaphthalene/kgmethane. It is suggested
to hydrocrack the naphthalene to more valuable BTX products in an
additional downstream process. The process is calculated to result
in a 107 $ profit per ton CH4.
“…Noticeably, hydrocracking is a clean and efficient technology that can upgrade heavy oil, streams with high-content aromatics, and some feedstock derived from bio-oil and plastic waxes. − If the polyaromatics enriched in LCO can be hydrocracked into light aromatics with a high octane number under the certain reaction conditions, the naphtha product can be applied as high-quality components in gasoline or aromatic materials. Therefore, how to convert the LCO fraction or polyaromatic into a high-value product has attracted much attention from many researchers. − The support, acidity, and active metals play an important role in hydrocracking polyaromatics into light aromatics especially including benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). Song et al compared the phenanthrene hydrocracking behaviors of serial catalysts supported on HY zeolites and aluminum oxide.…”
Serial
combined catalysts with separated hydrogenation centers
and cracking centers, which were composed of CoMo/Al2O3 and Ni/B, were synthesized and compared with the normal bifunctional
catalysts of NiMo/Al2O3–Beta and CoMo/Al2O3–Beta. The properties of different catalysts
were characterized by various methods. H2-TPR results demonstrated
the existence of hydrogen spillover between a Co or Ni promoter, and
Mo metals could facilitate the reducibility of oxide Mo species and
hydrogenation of aromatics. The naphthalene hydrocracking performances
were also evaluated and compared with different catalysts. The combined
catalysts showed relatively high yields of light aromatics with high-octane
values (
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