Conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels—A review

Microbial electrosynthesis: carbonaceous electrode materials for CO2 conversion

“…Plasma-based technologies have already demonstrated their potential for CO2 conversion as electrons may activate CO2 molecules, resulting in new compounds without the need to heat the entire gas 130 . This allows for reactions like the CO2 splitting and dry reforming of CH4, which would be thermodynamically expensive otherwise.…”

“…Plasma-based technologies have already demonstrated their potential for CO 2 conversion as electrons may activate CO 2 molecules, resulting in new compounds without the need to heat the entire gas. 130 This allows for reactions such as CO 2 splitting and dry reforming of CH 4 , which would be thermodynamically expensive otherwise. Nevertheless, there are numerous constraints in the energy efficiency, conversion, and product selectivity of CO 2 conversion employing plasma.…”

Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide, methane, and air for green fuels synthesis

“…These technologies can potentially contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing a circular economy by turning CO 2 into a valuable resource. 34,35 To utilize CO 2 in eco-friendly processes, it is necessary to capture it from various industrial processes. CO 2 capture technologies can be classified as pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion.…”

“…These technologies can potentially contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and developing a circular economy by turning CO 2 into a valuable resource. 34,35…”

Dyes as efficient and reusable organocatalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2

“…4 The thermodynamic limitation can be overcome by reacting CO 2 with high-energy substrates, such as epoxides, hydrogen or amines, while the kinetics of CO 2 conversion can be improved by utilising appropriate catalysts. 5,6 Particularly, the reaction of CO 2 and epoxides to yield cyclic carbonates is a promising route in the context of green chemistry as it has a theoretical 100% atom efficiency, it can be generally carried out under solvent-free conditions at relatively mild temperature and CO 2 pressure, and the obtained cyclic carbonates typically have low toxicity, high boiling point and high polarity, leading to a wide range of applications as green solvents, components for electrolyte solutions for lithium-based batteries, monomers for the preparation of polymers, and reactants for organic synthesis. 7,8 The simplest and most affordable catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides are halide salts, among which the ones that show the best catalytic performance are organic halides such as imidazolium salts, quaternary ammonium salts and phosphonium salts.…”