Dyes as efficient and reusable organocatalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO₂

Abstract

The functionalised RhB-EtOH-I dye was identified as an efficient and reusable organocatalyst for the conversion of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.

Greener preparation of a flexible material based on macaw palm oil derivatives and CO2

“…Human activities generate 37 000 megatons of CO 2 per year, which is responsible for 33% of all CO 2 . 20,21 The carbonation process should use efficient catalysts to obtain a high conversion of cyclic carbonates in internal epoxides. Previously, we reported the synthesis of carbonated macaw palm oil in the absence of solvent and using a bimetallic aluminium(salen) complex at 100 °C and achieving a 100% conversion, which is aligned with the use of carbon dioxide utilization (CDU) methodology.…”

“…22 This cycloaddition reaction is sustainable and presents an atom efficiency of 100%, in agreement with the principles of green chemistry. 10,21,23…”

2D Co-Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for the One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Olefins and CO2

“…To date, CO 2 has been successfully transformed into various chemicals, such as methanol, formic acid, methane, and organic carbonates . In particular, the coupling of CO 2 with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates stands out as one of the most attractive routes owing to its 100% atom economy. − Also, cyclic carbonates show extensive applications as polar aprotic solvents, electrolytes in Li-ion batteries, and intermediates in various organic syntheses. − …”

Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts

“…In particular, organocatalytic HBDs, while typically not as active as metal-based Lewis acids in the epoxide activation step [43,73], are a convenient choice for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides because, as organocatalytic metal-free compounds, they are generally highly stable under ambient conditions and do not pose a risk of product contamination by metal leaching [74]. Moreover, HBDs are often simple organic molecules In particular, organocatalytic HBDs, while typically not as active as metal-based Lewis acids in the epoxide activation step [43,73], are a convenient choice for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides because, as organocatalytic metal-free compounds, they are generally highly stable under ambient conditions and do not pose a risk of product contamination by metal leaching [74]. Moreover, HBDs are often simple organic molecules [63,64,75,76], that, unlike most metal organic complexes and frameworks [77,78], do not require the synthesis of sophisticated ligand systems.…”