Abstract:Hollow multimetallic PtNiSn nanoparticles (NPs) were formed from solid Ni-core/Pt-frame NPs by galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) of Ni by Sn.
“…(f) a plot of atomic percentages of Ni, Pt, and Sn, based on the results from (g) quantified EDS maps for PtNiSn nanoframes after 4, 13, 17, and 32 min of GRR process. Source: Reprinted with permission from Reference 56. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”
Section: Grr In the Unconventional Nanoparticle Systemsmentioning
Galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) has gained considerable interest as a facile and versatile synthetic method for modulating compositions, morphologies, and corresponding physicochemical properties of metallic nanoparticles. Thus far, extensive knowledge of GRR on monometallic templates has been accumulated, backed with ample experimental data and computational modeling and validation. The GRR templates have recently been extended to other materials such as alloys, oxides, sulfides, and liquid metals. These new materials have demonstrated potential applications in electrochemical energy conversion systems, which have been relatively unexplored for GRR-originated materials. In this review, the recent findings in GRR on these new template materials are introduced, pointing to the incredible versatility of the GRR methodology in diversifying the catalytic materials classes. We further discuss the remaining critical issues and future research directions of GRRs to fully exploit the potential of GRR in spearheading future advances in electrocatalytic energy conversion and other important applications.
“…(f) a plot of atomic percentages of Ni, Pt, and Sn, based on the results from (g) quantified EDS maps for PtNiSn nanoframes after 4, 13, 17, and 32 min of GRR process. Source: Reprinted with permission from Reference 56. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”
Section: Grr In the Unconventional Nanoparticle Systemsmentioning
Galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) has gained considerable interest as a facile and versatile synthetic method for modulating compositions, morphologies, and corresponding physicochemical properties of metallic nanoparticles. Thus far, extensive knowledge of GRR on monometallic templates has been accumulated, backed with ample experimental data and computational modeling and validation. The GRR templates have recently been extended to other materials such as alloys, oxides, sulfides, and liquid metals. These new materials have demonstrated potential applications in electrochemical energy conversion systems, which have been relatively unexplored for GRR-originated materials. In this review, the recent findings in GRR on these new template materials are introduced, pointing to the incredible versatility of the GRR methodology in diversifying the catalytic materials classes. We further discuss the remaining critical issues and future research directions of GRRs to fully exploit the potential of GRR in spearheading future advances in electrocatalytic energy conversion and other important applications.
“…The synthesis of noble-metal nanoframes typically involves the use of a sacrificial template to assist or direct the formation of a framelike structure, and the template is often fabricated in advance using a different protocol. Here we broadly divide the methods into five categories: template-assisted assembly of nanoscale building blocks; , face-selected carving of solid nanocrystals; ,,− edge-selected deposition of a different metal on a template, followed by etching; − ,,,,− dealloying of hollow alloy nanocrystals; ,,, and nanoframe-directed deposition. − ,,− Table lists the nanoframes, diverse in shape/morphology and composition, that have been fabricated using these methods.…”
Noble-metal nanoframes consisting
of interconnected, ultrathin
ridges have received considerable attention in the field of heterogeneous
catalysis. The enthusiasm arises from the high utilization efficiency
of atoms for significantly reducing the material loading while enhancing
the catalytic performance. In this review article, we offer a comprehensive
assessment of research endeavors in the design and rational synthesis
of noble-metal nanoframes for applications in catalysis. We start
with a brief introduction to the unique characteristics of nanoframes,
followed by a discussion of the synthetic strategies and their controls
in terms of structure and composition. We then present case studies
to elucidate mechanistic details behind the synthesis of mono-, bi-,
and multimetallic nanoframes, as well as heterostructured and hybrid
systems. We discuss their performance in electrocatalysis, thermal
catalysis, and photocatalysis. Finally, we highlight recent progress
in addressing the structural and compositional stability issues of
nanoframes for the assurance of robustness in catalytic applications.
“…24,140 Compared with other solid structures, nanocrystals with frame-like structures exhibit excellent catalytic performance owing to their high surface-atom ratios and open structures. 79,[140][141][142] Synthesis processes for noble-metal-based nanoframes oen involve a pre-synthesized template-assisted route or an in-situ-formed template-assisted route. Ni, Cu, and Co are all good template materials for noble-metal-based nanoframes.…”
Controlling the morphology and structure of noble metal nanocrystals has always been the frontier field of electrocatalysis. The functional molecules such as capping agents, surfactants and additives are indispensable in...
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