1998
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.118
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Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism.

Abstract: The constructs of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) individualism (I) and collectivism (C) were theoretically defined and empirically supported. Study 1 confirmed, via factor analysis, that the 4 constructs, HI, VI, HC, and VC, which were previously found in the United States, which has an individualist culture, also were found in Korea, which has a collectivist culture. Study 2 investigated multimethod-multitrait matrices measuring the constructs and generally supported their convergent and divergent validity. … Show more

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Cited by 2,176 publications
(2,494 citation statements)
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References 61 publications
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“…As a working hypothesis, and to explore further the cross-cultural variability found in Experiment 1, we reasoned that because these two small-scale societies emphasize deference to authority and are characterized by highly visible and transparent delegations of power (O'Meara, 1990;Triandis & Gelfand, 1998), attributions of intentional action as well as blame and praise ratings would depend on the status of the protagonist. In particular, we anticipated that for these two cultures, attributions of intentional action, as well as ratings of praise and blame, should be higher in scenarios depicting the actions of a commoner versus a chief.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a working hypothesis, and to explore further the cross-cultural variability found in Experiment 1, we reasoned that because these two small-scale societies emphasize deference to authority and are characterized by highly visible and transparent delegations of power (O'Meara, 1990;Triandis & Gelfand, 1998), attributions of intentional action as well as blame and praise ratings would depend on the status of the protagonist. In particular, we anticipated that for these two cultures, attributions of intentional action, as well as ratings of praise and blame, should be higher in scenarios depicting the actions of a commoner versus a chief.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Este autor reconhece que podem existir outras facetas destes construtos, porém as apresenta como sendo as mais fundamentais, e propõe diferenciar as pessoas e culturas nesses termos. Por exemplo, considera que o individualismo norte-americano (vertical) é diferente do Sueco (horizontal), ou que o coletivismo coreano (vertical) é diferente daqueles dos kibutz israelitas (horizontal) (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). Uma definição de cada uma das quatro dimensões resultantes pode ser encontrada em Triandis (1995), como se resume a seguir:…”
Section: Os Construtos Individualismo E Coletivismounclassified
“…Porém, o próprio autor sugere alguns aspectos que exigem novas contribuições. Por exemplo, comenta que seria necessário elaborar novos itens para representar sua dimensão individualismo vertical, atualmente limitada ao conceito de competição; considera que deveria igualmente incluir noções como ser distinto, destacar-se da maioria, ser famoso e ter poder (Triandis & Gelfand, 1998). Gouveia e Clemente (1998) também sugerem que se revise a dimensão individualismo horizontal; já na escala de Singelis, Triandis, Bhawuk e Gelfand (1995), a correlação elemento-total indica a existência de um sentido específico deste fator, não sendo limitado à idéia de ser único.…”
Section: Escala De Individualismo E Coletivismounclassified
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