Convergent movement of COVID-19 outbreak in Japan based on SIR model

An innovative ensemble model based on multiple neural networks and a novel heuristic optimization algorithm for COVID-19 forecasting

“…Traditional epidemiological models have been widely adopted in predicting COVID-19 cases. The time-dependent susceptible, infectious, and/or recovered (SIR) model is frequently used to model the growth of COVID-19 and to predict the future condition of infection and recovery rates ( Alenezi et al, 2021 , Cumsille et al, 2022 , Masuhara and Hosoya, 2021 ). In addition, many studies also used the susceptible, exposed, infectious, and/or recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 epidemic prediction ( Annas et al, 2020 , Das et al, 2021 , Paul et al, 2021 , Piovella, 2020 ).…”