Convergent dysregulation of frontal cortical cognitive and reward systems in eating disorders

Kream, Richard M.

doi:10.12659/msm.889133

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Obese individuals, whether children or adults, have more difficulties with self-confidence and self-assertion, and are far more to likely experience serious disorders such as depression and anxiety. In children, these problems can significantly disrupt other aspects of psychological development [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles in males with ADHD

Kream

2014

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological/behavioral disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or combined symptomatology. Children with ADHD are predisposed to irregular and/or impulsive eating patterns often leading to compromised physical condition. The goal of the present study was to statistically evaluate parental scoring of patterned eating behaviors and associated lifestyles within a cohort of 100 boys diagnosed with ADHD in comparison to age-matched male controls.Material/MethodsThe study population consisted of 100 boys aged 6–10 years diagnosed with mixed type ADHD by DSM-IV criteria and 100 aged-matched healthy male control subjects. Patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles were scored by structured parental interviews using a nominal rating scale.ResultsInterview scores indicated statistically significant differences in patterned eating behaviors in subjects with ADHD in comparison to healthy controls. Notably, subjects diagnosed with ADHD exhibited markedly diminished adherence to a traditional breakfast, lunch, and dinner schedule, which was linked to a significantly higher frequency (>5/day) of irregular eating times. In the ADHD cohort, disruptive patterns of eating behaviors were associated with diminished nutritional value of ingested food (expressed as lowered content of fruits and vegetables) and increased consumption of sweetened beverages.ConclusionsDisruptive patterns of eating behaviors, metabolically unfavorable nutritional status, and diminished physical activities of male children diagnosed with ADHD are linked to compromised growth and development and appearance of metabolic diseases in adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles in males with ADHD

Kream

2014

Med Sci Monit

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“… 95 The link between AN and ADHD is not clear despite the hypothesis of a common neural substrate. 97 – 100 The number of studies is small, and the studies that do exist have a small number of subjects. 10 , 101 , 102 Thirty-two female patients diagnosed with ED had no correlation between severity of ADHD and severity of ED symptoms; however, there was an association between impulsivity and avoidance of fattening food.…”

Section: Adhd Symptomatology In Women With Bnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disordered eating behaviors: links, risks, and challenges faced

Ptáček

Stefano

Weissenberger³

et al. 2016

NDT

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often persists in adulthood. It is defined by inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity. ADHD is associated with many comorbidities, including eating disorders (EDs). In the last decade, studies have reported that ADHD is linked with binge EDs, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. Many postulates have been proposed to explain the association: 1) impulsive behavior in ADHD patients leads to disordered eating behavior; 2) other psychologic comorbidities present in ADHD patients account for eating behavior; 3) poor eating habits and resulting nutritional deficiencies contribute to ADHD symptoms; and 4) other risk factors common to both ADHD and EDs contribute to the coincidence of both diseases. Additionally, sex differences become a significant issue in the discussion of EDs and ADHD because of the higher incidence of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa in females and the ability of females to mask the symptoms of ADHD. Interestingly, both EDs and ADHD rely on a common neural substrate, namely, dopaminergic signaling. Dopaminergic signaling is critical for motor activity and emotion, the latter enabling the former into a combined motivated movement like eating. This linkage aids in explaining the many comorbidities associated with ADHD. The interconnection of ADHD and EDs is discussed from both a historical perspective and the one based on the revealing nature of its comorbidities.

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Cortico-basal ganglia circuits involved in different motivation disorders in non-human primates

et al. 2014

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The ventral striatum (VS) is of particular interest in the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, performed on non-human primates, we associated local perturbation with monosynaptic axonal tracer injection into medial, central and lateral VS to characterize anatomo-functional circuits underlying the respective expression of sexual manifestations, stereotyped behaviors and hypoactive state associated with loss of food motivation. For the three behavioral effects, we demonstrated the existence of three distinct cortico-basal ganglia (BG) circuits that were topographically organized and overlapping at some cortical (orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) and subcortical (caudal levels of BG) levels, suggesting interactions between motivation domains. Briefly, erection was associated with a circuit involving the orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex (areas 10, 11) and limbic parts of BG, i.e. medial parts of the pallidal complex and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Stereotyped behavior was linked to a circuit involving the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (area 12/47) and limbic parts of the pallidal complex and of the SNr, while the apathetic state was underlined by a circuit involving not only the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex but also the lateral prefrontal cortex (area 8, 45), the anterior insula and the lateral parts of the medial pallidal complex and of the ventro-medial SNr. For the three behavioral effects, the cortico-BG circuits mainly involved limbic regions of the external and internal pallidum, as well as the limbic part of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), suggesting the involvement of both direct and indirect striatal pathways and both output BG structures. As these motivation disorders could still be induced in dopamine (DA)-depleted monkeys, we suggest that DA issued from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) modulates their expression rather than causes them. Finally, this study may give some insights into the structure to target to achieve therapeutic benefits from deep brain stimulation in motivation disorders.

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Convergent dysregulation of frontal cortical cognitive and reward systems in eating disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles in males with ADHD

Disruptive patterns of eating behaviors and associated lifestyles in males with ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and disordered eating behaviors: links, risks, and challenges faced

Cortico-basal ganglia circuits involved in different motivation disorders in non-human primates

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