Abstract:BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological/behavioral disorder characterized by inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity, or combined symptomatology. Children with ADHD are predisposed to irregular and/or impulsive eating patterns often leading to compromised physical condition. The goal of the present study was to statistically evaluate parental scoring of patterned eating behaviors and associated lifestyles within a cohort of 100 boys diagnosed with ADHD in comparison to … Show more
“…Table 4 reports the references excluded [51–57], with reasons for exclusion. Of the included references, 17 [10–26] provided information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, 2 [27, 28] included data on the prevalence of ADHD in individuals with obesity, and 28 [12, 19–22, 25, 29–46, 48–50, 58] reported data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity (We note that references providing information both on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD and obesity and on possible mechanisms were counted twice). Of note, none of the retrieved studies addressed the implications of the association between ADHD and obesity for the management of patients with both conditions.Fig.…”
While psychiatric comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been extensively explored, less attention has been paid to somatic conditions possibly associated with this disorder. However, mounting evidence in the last decade pointed to a possible significant association between ADHD and certain somatic conditions, including obesity. This papers provides an update of a previous systematic review on the relationship between obesity and ADHD (Cortese and Vincenzi, Curr Top Behav Neurosci 9:199–218, 2012), focusing on pertinent peer-reviewed empirical papers published since 2012. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge databases (search dates: from January 1st, 2012, to July 16th, 2016). We retained a total of 41 studies, providing information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, focusing on the rates of ADHD in individuals with obesity, or reporting data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity. Overall, over the past 4 years, an increasing number of studies have assessed the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD or the rates of ADHD in patients with obesity. Although findings are mixed across individual studies, meta-analytic evidence shows a significant association between ADHD and obesity, regardless of possible confounding factors such as psychiatric comorbidities. An increasing number of studies have also addressed possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity, highlighting the role, among others, of abnormal eating patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and possible common genetic alterations. Importantly, recent longitudinal studies support a causal role of ADHD in contributing to weight gain. The next generation of studies in the field should explore if and to which extent the treatment of comorbid ADHD in individuals with obesity may lead to long-term weight loss, ultimately improving their overall well-being and quality of life.
“…Table 4 reports the references excluded [51–57], with reasons for exclusion. Of the included references, 17 [10–26] provided information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, 2 [27, 28] included data on the prevalence of ADHD in individuals with obesity, and 28 [12, 19–22, 25, 29–46, 48–50, 58] reported data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity (We note that references providing information both on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD and obesity and on possible mechanisms were counted twice). Of note, none of the retrieved studies addressed the implications of the association between ADHD and obesity for the management of patients with both conditions.Fig.…”
While psychiatric comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been extensively explored, less attention has been paid to somatic conditions possibly associated with this disorder. However, mounting evidence in the last decade pointed to a possible significant association between ADHD and certain somatic conditions, including obesity. This papers provides an update of a previous systematic review on the relationship between obesity and ADHD (Cortese and Vincenzi, Curr Top Behav Neurosci 9:199–218, 2012), focusing on pertinent peer-reviewed empirical papers published since 2012. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge databases (search dates: from January 1st, 2012, to July 16th, 2016). We retained a total of 41 studies, providing information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, focusing on the rates of ADHD in individuals with obesity, or reporting data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity. Overall, over the past 4 years, an increasing number of studies have assessed the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD or the rates of ADHD in patients with obesity. Although findings are mixed across individual studies, meta-analytic evidence shows a significant association between ADHD and obesity, regardless of possible confounding factors such as psychiatric comorbidities. An increasing number of studies have also addressed possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity, highlighting the role, among others, of abnormal eating patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and possible common genetic alterations. Importantly, recent longitudinal studies support a causal role of ADHD in contributing to weight gain. The next generation of studies in the field should explore if and to which extent the treatment of comorbid ADHD in individuals with obesity may lead to long-term weight loss, ultimately improving their overall well-being and quality of life.
“…Specific genetic differences have been reported which link ADHD, impulsive behavior, delinquency, and also hedonism 20. It is also hypothesized that ADHD may be connected with specific changes in physical growth 21,22…”
Section: The Incidence Characteristics Comorbidities and Categoriementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A prospective study carried out in Australia on 2868 children found a correlation between ADHD and a “Western” type diet that included fast food; this was compared with a “healthy” diet that included adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables. Howard et al noted that impulsive eating can also become an addictive behavioral pattern39 often seen in ADHD 22. One major predictor of binge eating in adolescence was found to be childhood ADHD 40.…”
Section: Correspondence In Lifestyles Of Adhd and Present Hedonistic mentioning
The article draws primarily from the behavioral findings (mainly psychiatric and psychological observations) and points out the important relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and time orientation. Specifically, the authors argue that there is a significant overlap between the symptoms of ADHD and Present Hedonism. Present Hedonism is defined by Zimbardo’s time perspective theory and assessed by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Developmental data on Present Hedonism of males and females in the Czech population sample (N=2201) are also presented. The hypothesis of relationship between ADHD and Present Hedonism is mainly derived from the prevalence of addictive behavior (mainly excessive Internet use, alcohol abuse, craving for sweets, fatty foods, and fast foods), deficits in social learning, and increased aggressiveness both in ADHD and in the population scoring high on Present Hedonism in the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. We conclude that Zimbardo’s time perspective offers both: 1) a potential diagnostic tool – the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, particularly its Present Hedonism scale, and 2) a promising preventive and/or therapeutic approach by the Time Perspective Therapy. Time Perspective Therapy has so far been used mainly to treat past negative trauma (most notably, posttraumatic stress disorder); however, it also has value as a potential therapeutic tool for possible behavioral compensation of ADHD.
“…Thus, complex relationships and interdependencies have emerged between behavioral pathologies resembling ADHD as well as neurocognitive deficits and both sleep restriction, sleep disorders (e.g., OSA) and obesity [134-138]. These areas clearly need to be incorporated into the metabolic implications of sleep, particularly when considering that impulsivity may lead to a propensity for eating disorders or obesogenic eating patterns [139]. …”
Section: Sleep Sleep Apnea Obesity Cognition and Behaviormentioning
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent disorder in children and is primarily associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy., The prominent increases in childhood overweight and obesity rates in the world even among youngest of children have translated into parallel increases in the prevalence of OSA, and such trends will undoubtedly be associated with deleterious global health outcomes and life expectancy. Even an obesity phenotype in childhood OSA, more close to the adult type, has been recently proposed. Reciprocal interactions between sleep in general, OSA, obesity, and disruptions of metabolic homeostasis have emerged in recent years. These associations have suggested the a priori involvement of complex sets of metabolic and inflammatory pathways all of which may underlie increased risk for increased orexigenic behaviors and dysfunctional satiety, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance that ultimately favor the emergence of metabolic syndrome. Here, we will review some of the critical evidence supporting the proposed associations between sleep disruption and the metabolism-obesity complex. In addition, we will describe the more recent evidence linking the potential interactive roles of OSA and obesity on metabolic phenotype.
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