Convergence Toward Demographic Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean

Ham-Chande, Roberto; Nava-Bolaños, Isalia

doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073018-022532

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This pattern, suggests that an aging population could aggravate the fatality impact of CoVID-19, similar to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [30], as was probably the case in Italy [31, 32]. While the population in Lain America, including Peru, is aging at a rapid rate, still a relatively small percentage of the population in the region are older than 65 years of age [33]. So in fact the age structure in the region could favor a lower overall CFR than would be expected otherwise with a relatively older population, as in other regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

Munayco

Chowell

Tariq

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Peru implemented strict social distancing measures during the early phase of the epidemic and is now experiencing one of the largest CoVID-19 epidemics in Latin America. Estimates of disease severity are an essential indicator to inform policy decisions about the intensity and duration of interventions needed to mitigate the outbreak. Here we derive delay-adjusted case fatality rates (aCFR) of CoVID-19 in a middle-income country in South America. We used government-reported time series of CoVID-19 cases and deaths stratified by age group and gender. Our estimates as of May 25, 2020, of the aCFR for men and women are 10.8% (95%CrI: 10.5-11.1%) and 6.5% (95%CrI: 6.2-6.8%), respectively, and an overall aCFR of 9.1% (95%CrI: 8.9-9.3%). Our results show that senior individuals are the most severely affected by CoVID-19, particularly men, with aCFR of almost 60% for those aged 80- years. We found that men have a significantly higher cumulative morbidity ratio than women across most age groups (proportion test, p-value< 0.001), with the exception of those aged 0-9 years. The COVID-19 epidemic is imposing a large mortality burden in Peru. Senior individuals, especially those who are older than 70 years of age, are being disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

Munayco

Chowell

Tariq

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The low pension active coverage rate (ACR) in Latin America is worrisome due to the rapid rise in old‐age dependency (Bertranou & Rofman, 2002; Corbo, 2004; De la Torre & Rudolph, 2018; Ham‐Chande & Nava‐Bolaños, 2019; Jackson & Nakashima, 2015). The average regional ACR is 44.7%, ranging from 20% to 30% in Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, to more than 70% in Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and Costa Rica (Bosch, Melguizo, & Pagés, 2013; OECD, IADB, & World Bank, 2014).…”

Section: Structural Reforms and Re‐reforms In Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

The pension system in Peru: Parallels and intersections

Saco

Gil

2020

Int J Soc Welfare

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In this article, we estimate the active and passive contributory pension coverage rates in Peru since the structural reform of social security in 1992. Further, we delineate a supply‐and‐demand model for the pension market. Using a diagram based on this model, we analyze the impact of re‐reforms that have increased the competitiveness of the pension system and in an effort to promote worker affiliation. Re‐reform has shifted the supply of pension services, but the demand for such services has remained constant at 28% of the labor force. Thus, coverage has not meaningfully increase. In the conclusion section of the article, we consider various policy interventions intended to increase demand, which might include instituting mandatory contributions for the self‐employed and/or increasing the proportion of registered employees. In addition, to mitigate income insecurity for older people, given the low active and passive coverage rates, we recommend that access to social pensions be increased.Key Practitioner Message: • Estimation of the active and the passive pension coverage trajectories since the social security structural reform. • Delineation of a conceptual framework to describe the pension market using supply and demand functions. • Alternative interventions to increase coverage, that is, strengthening the competitiveness of the pension market, shifting the demand and universal social pensions.

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“…According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 21% of the region’s population is deterred from seeking care due to geographic barriers ( Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2014 ). Furthermore, developing countries do not have an adequate number of healthcare professionals, which, in combination with long distances, has further hindered access to healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic ( Ham-Chande & Nava-Bolaños, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Group Recommendations for the Practice of Teleneuropsychology in Latin America

Crivelli

Quiroz

Calandri

et al. 2021

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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Objective Teleneuropsychology (teleNP) could potentially expand access to services for patients who are confined, have limited personal access to healthcare, or live in remote areas. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the use of teleNP for cognitive assessments. The main objective of these recommendations is to identify which procedures can be potentially best adapted to the practice of teleNP in Latin America, and thereby facilitate professional decision-making in the region. Method Steps taken to develop these recommendations included (1) formation of an international working group with representatives from 12 Latin American countries; (2) assessment of rationale, scope, and objectives; (3) formulation of clinical questions; (4) evidence search and selection; (5) evaluation of existing evidence and summary; and (6) formulation of recommendations. Levels of evidence were graded following the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine system. Databases examined included PubMed, WHO-IRIS, WHO and PAHO-IRIS, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBCS), and LILACS. Results Working group members reviewed 18,400 titles and 422 abstracts and identified 19 articles meeting the criteria for level of evidence, categorization, and elaboration of recommendations. The vast majority of the literature included teleNP tests in the English language. The working group proposed a series of recommendations that can be potentially best adapted to the practice of teleNP in Latin America. Conclusions There is currently sufficient evidence to support the use of videoconferencing technology for remote neuropsychological assessments. These recommendations will likely contribute to the advancement of teleNP research and practice in the region.

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Convergence Toward Demographic Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

Risk of death by age and gender from CoVID-19 in Peru, March-May, 2020

The pension system in Peru: Parallels and intersections

Working Group Recommendations for the Practice of Teleneuropsychology in Latin America

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