Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey scores for required reading versus leisure reading in school-age children

Clark, Tiana Y.; Clark, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.06.019

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…, ). A recent study found that the frequency and degree of asthenopia were higher for required reading such as school activities and homework compared to leisure reading (Clark & Clark ). Asthenopia caused by CIE can often be effectively reduced with 12 weeks of vision therapy/orthoptics, as documented in a Cochrane Review (Scheiman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the aetiology of asthenopia is diverse, it is well documented that children with convergence insufficiency exophoria (CIE) exhibit a significantly higher degree of asthenopia compared to children with normal binocular function (Borsting et al , 2003. A recent study found that the frequency and degree of asthenopia were higher for required reading such as school activities and homework compared to leisure reading (Clark & Clark 2017). Asthenopia caused by CIE can often be effectively reduced with 12 weeks of vision therapy/orthoptics, as documented in a Cochrane Review (Scheiman et al 2011) and more recently by Jang et al (2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria in primary schoolchildren in Denmark

Nisted¹,

Maagaard²,

Welinder

2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Background To determine the sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria (CIE) in schoolchildren. Methods Near point of convergence and distance visual acuity with +2.00D lenses were measured in 2097 children (6–15 years) during standard school nurse screening in the municipality of Randers, Denmark. One hundred and ninety‐four children with positive screening results (near point of convergence >10 cm and/or distance visual acuity improved or maintained with +2.00D) and 182 controls with negative screening results received a full vision assessment, including cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic evaluation. Results Sensitivity and specificity of screening was 0.75 and 0.69 for CIE and 0.59 and 0.87 for hypermetropia (≥+2.00), respectively. While precision of screening for CIE was significantly higher for symptomatic children aged 9–15 than for younger and asymptomatic children, precision of screening for hypermetropia was independent of age and presence of visually related symptoms. Conclusion While precision of screening for CIE and hypermetropia (>+2.00) was low, additional vision evaluation of children older than 9 years with asthenopic symptoms identified most children with CIE with a low absolute number of false positives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria in primary schoolchildren in Denmark

Nisted¹,

Maagaard²,

Welinder

2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…84 Nowadays, it may cause problems with performing duties in the office and also with learning for children. 88 Children with CI are more likely to declare struggle with schoolwork, and avoid reading due to disturbance. 89 The treatment of CI involves office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (the most effective), home-based pencil push-ups, home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy, and prism glasses.…”

Section: Convergence Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged screen-time as the cause of ocular disorders: what can we do with the problem? – a review

Dyrek,

Sikorska,

Partyka

et al. 2024

Eur J Clin Exp Med

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Introduction and aim. Recently, an increased use of video display terminals has been observed in workplace environments, as a result of the evolution of communication technologies and new information-sharing strategies. It has led to an increased prevalence of computer-related ocular disorders, such as computer vision syndrome, dry eye disease, refractive errors and con vergence insufficiency. In this review we describe problems associated with these disorders and propose preventive methods. Material and methods. With the use of specific keywords, the databases of the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant original papers. Analysis of the literature. The listed disorders might have similar symptoms, such as eye burning, itching, blurred vision, and tearing, and their severity correlates with the time of exposure to video display units. However, there are preventive measures, which can help in decreasing the negative effects of computers on our vision, such as adequate viewing distance, proper work space lighting, eyeglasses with anti-glare coating, taking 5-minutes breaks after every 30 minutes, or following the 20-20-20 rule. Conclusion. Prolonged usage of the video display terminals is connected to many ocular disorders, and in today’s world, it is very important to remember actions that can be undertaken to minimize the risk.

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The visual consequences of virtual school: acute eye symptoms in healthy children

Hamburger

Lavrich

Rusakevich

et al. 2022

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

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Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey scores for required reading versus leisure reading in school-age children

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria in primary schoolchildren in Denmark

Sensitivity and specificity of school nurse screening for hypermetropia and convergence insufficiency exophoria in primary schoolchildren in Denmark

Prolonged screen-time as the cause of ocular disorders: what can we do with the problem? – a review

The visual consequences of virtual school: acute eye symptoms in healthy children

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