“… Transition-metal-catalyzed carbonylative transformations have contributed to the facile insertion of carbonyl moieties over the past decades . The key areas of research include circumventing the use of toxic CO gas and finding cheap CO surrogates, safe and easy handling through the use of a two-chamber reactor (COware), finding novel catalytic systems, and avoiding the use of phosphine ligands . Though most efficient carbonylative transformations require the use of bidentate phosphine ligands such as Xantphos, dppf, DPEphos, etc., there are certain limitations of using phosphines in homogeneous catalysis: (a) difficulty in handling due to air- and moisture-sensitivity; (b) high cost, sometimes comparable or superior to the palladium catalyst itself; (c) slight recyclability due to their homogeneous and sensitive nature; (d) difficulty in purification of the final product due to the presence of phosphine oxide, and (e) complicated and time-consuming synthetic procedure. , …”